Title
Lopez vs. Umale-Cosme
Case
G.R. No. 171891
Decision Date
Feb 24, 2009
A verbal month-to-month lease was deemed definite under Article 1687, allowing lessor to eject lessee upon expiration of lease period.
A

Case Summary (G.R. No. 171891)

Background of the Case

In her defense, Lopez refuted the claims of rental default, asserting that Umale-Cosme had failed to collect the rent as it became due, thereby creating the appearance of arrears. Lopez contended that since February 1999, she had been depositing her monthly rent in a bank in trust for Umale-Cosme. On March 19, 2003, the Metropolitan Trial Court (MeTC) ruled in favor of Umale-Cosme, mandating Lopez to vacate the premises, pay back rent, and cover attorneys' fees.

Ruling of the Regional Trial Court

Following an appeal, the Regional Trial Court (RTC) reversed the MeTC's decision. The RTC concluded that the lease agreement lacked a definite period, thus negating the grounds for ejection based on contract expiration until a period could be fixed by judicial authorities. The RTC referred to the provisions of the Rent Control Law and highlighted that the lessee could not be evicted if no definite lease period existed.

Court of Appeals Decision

Umale-Cosme subsequently appealed to the Court of Appeals (CA), which determined that Lopez’s tenancy was effectively a month-to-month lease. The CA relied on provisions of the Civil Code which assert that when a lease period is unspecified, it is deemed to continue monthly if the rent is paid monthly. Hence, the CA found that Umale-Cosme had legally terminated the lease and could seek ejectment. The CA dismissed Lopez’s claims regarding the lack of a definite lease period.

Reaffirmation of Ejectment Rights

In affirming the CA's decision, the Supreme Court reiterated that a month-to-month lease has a definite period that terminates at the end of any monthly cycle, providing grounds for ejectment if the lessee fails to pay rent. The Court emphasized that non-payment by Lopez resulted in Umale-Cosme havin

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