Title
Locsin vs. Court of Appeals
Case
G.R. No. L-34710
Decision Date
Feb 10, 1989
Petitioner, acting as manager, dismissed pregnant employee to deny maternity benefits; held personally liable under RA No. 679 despite claiming Board authorization.
A

Case Summary (G.R. No. 159139)

Conviction and Sentencing

Armando Locsin was convicted for dismissing Celia Navarosa Banas to prevent her from enjoying maternity leave benefits as mandated by the law. The verdict resulted in Locsin being sentenced to pay a fine of P3,000.00 and, in the event of insolvency, facing subsidiary imprisonment. Additionally, he was ordered to reimburse Banas the sum of P357.40, representing her unpaid maternity leave benefits for fourteen weeks.

Appeals Process

The conviction was subsequently affirmed by the Court of Appeals, with a minor modification concerning the terms of the subsidiary imprisonment, specifying a rate of one-day imprisonment for every eight pesos owed, not exceeding six months. Locsin then appealed to the Supreme Court via a petition for certiorari without disputing the essential facts of the case.

Grounds for Appeal

In his appeal, Locsin based his arguments on three propositions of law. First, he contended that the actions leading to the violation were authorized and directed by the Board of Directors of the association, hence it should be the directors and not himself who bore responsibility. Second, he argued that since he was merely carrying out the Board’s resolution to terminate Banas’s employment, he should not be held accountable for the purported offense. Third, he claimed that any ambiguity in Section 12 of the law should be interpreted in his favor.

Court's Analysis of Legal Liability

The Supreme Court dismissed Locsin's appeal, asserting that there was no ambiguity in Section 12 of RA No. 679, which clearly holds the manager or acting manager liable for violations committed by the firm. The Court elaborated that regardless of Locsin's official title, he was effectively operating in the capacity of a manager, thus rendering him responsible for implementing employment policies and decisions, including disciplinary actions like termination of employment.

Findings on Board Resolution

The Court highlighted that the factual assertions made by Locsin regarding the Board of Directors’ resolution

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