Title
Limso vs. De Guzman, Jr.
Case
G.R. No. L-51651
Decision Date
Nov 5, 1985
Bank of Asia, First Insular Bank, and Bank of America consolidated into IBAA. Dispute arose over BA's sale of IBAA shares to Gotianun, violating the right of first refusal. SEC issued TRO; Supreme Court annulled it due to abuse of discretion. Settlement resolved the case.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-51651)

Facts

In March 1974, a Consolidation Agreement was executed by the Bank of Asia (ASIA), First Insular Bank of Cebu, and Bank of America (BA), resulting in the creation of IBAA. The agreement stipulated, among other things, that shares could not be sold without offering them first to the other parties involved. Following the formation of IBAA, ASIA and INSULAR ceased to exist as separate entities, complicating later transactions involving IBAA shares.

In December 1977, BA offered its shares in IBAA to the ASIA and INSULAR groups at a price that was later adjusted. However, Aboitiz and Kalaw, representing these groups, expressed their unwillingness to purchase the shares, creating ambiguity and raising questions of authority over subsequent negotiations.

SEC Actions and Legal Proceedings

On July 19, 1978, the ASIA group filed a lawsuit in the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to annul the sale of BA shares to Gotianun, claiming violations of their rights under the Consolidation Agreement. The SEC issued a temporary restraining order (TRO) to enforce compliance with the agreement, which was subsequently challenged in multiple petitions.

A series of hearings and motions to lift the TRO ensued, with Gotianun and BA asserting that the ASIA group had waived their rights under the agreement. The SEC proceedings were complicated by ongoing disputes about the legitimacy of the sale transaction, particularly the right of first refusal.

Supreme Court Involvement

In March and April 1980, the Supreme Court entertained petitions filed by Gotianun and BA to annul the SEC TRO, claiming bias by SEC officials and asserting that the ASIA group's refusal constituted a waiver. The Court issued a preliminary injunction preventing SEC from enforcing the TRO, allowing Gotianun to proceed with the registration of the purchased shares in IBAA.

Subsequently, SEC issued orders that included prohibiting a reorganization of IBAA's board and creating a management committee in response to allegations of corporate mismanagement and conspiracy. The legality and authority behind these SEC actions were hotly contested, leading to multiple petitions for judicial review.

Key Legal Analysis

The Supreme Court assessed the validity of the SEC's actions, notably the TRO issued on July 19, 1978. The Court concluded that the issuance of the TRO was not a grave abuse of discretion at its inception, given the verified complaint and the circumstances alleging potential wrongful sale of shares. However, the Court criticized the SEC for its failure to act promptly on motions to lift the TRO, which it deemed an evasion of duty and an abuse of discretion.

The C

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