Title
Legar Management and Realty Corp. vs. Court of Appeals
Case
G.R. No. 117423
Decision Date
Jan 24, 1996
A verbal month-to-month lease under Article 1687 is a definite period; its expiration justifies ejectment under Rent Control Law, per Supreme Court ruling.
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Case Summary (G.R. No. 117423)

Facts of the Case

The case revolves around a lease agreement between the spouses Augusto and Celia Legasto and private respondents Felipe Pascual and Dionisio Ancheta for unit 318-T of an apartment building located at No. 318-T E. Rodriguez, Sr. Boulevard, Quezon City. The Legastos had a written contract of lease with the private respondents. In 1987, they established petitioner Legar Management & Realty Corporation, transferring their rights and interests, including the apartment, to the corporation. The lease continued on a verbal month-to-month basis post-transfer and stipulated a monthly rental of One Thousand Five Hundred Forty-Five Pesos (P1,545.00).

Notices of Termination

On April 21, 1992, petitioner issued a formal notice to private respondent Pascual to vacate the unit by the end of May 1992. A similar notice was provided to respondent Ancheta on June 4, 1992, requesting vacation by the end of June 1992. Both respondents refused to vacate, prompting petitioner to file for ejectment in the Metropolitan Trial Court of Quezon City, with the case identified as Civil Case No. 6011.

Initial Trial Court Decision

The Metropolitan Trial Court ruled in favor of petitioner, determining that the verbal lease was on a month-to-month basis, thus qualifying it as a lease with a definite period that could be terminated with proper notice at the close of any month. The court ordered the respondents to vacate the property and awarded attorney’s fees and costs.

Appeal and Reversal by RTC

Respondents appealed the decision to the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Quezon City, which overturned the Metropolitan Trial Court's ruling. The RTC asserted that the expiration of a month-to-month lease, as governed by the Rent Control Law, does not automatically entitle the lessor to eject a tenant without grounds specified under the law. The RTC stated that other conditions listed in the Rent Control Law must also be met for ejectment to proceed, thereby ruling against the petitioner.

Court of Appeals Decision

The Court of Appeals affirmed the RTC's decision, reiterating that the mere expiration of the lease period does not justify ejectment unless it aligns with specific grounds listed in the Rent Control Law. Citing prior jurisprudence, the Court of Appeals emphasized that the expiration of a lease period does not negate tenant rights under existing housing laws.

Supreme Court Ruling

Upon further appeal, the Supreme Court found the petitioner’s arguments compelling. Relying on the case of Acab vs. Court of Appeals, the ruling clarified that Section 6 of Batas Pambansa Blg.

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