Title
Komatsu Industries , Inc. vs. Court of Appeals
Case
G.R. No. 111634
Decision Date
Oct 18, 1995
Komatsu Industries defaulted on a restructured loan secured by chattel mortgages; courts upheld Pilipinas Bank's claim, rejecting defenses of novation, promissory estoppel, and unliquidated debt.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 111634)

Applicable Law

This case is governed by the provisions of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, along with the Civil Code and relevant jurisprudence concerning obligations and contracts, particularly with regard to chattel mortgages and promissory notes.

Loan and Security Agreements

The initial loan of P3,000,000 was secured by a chattel mortgage executed by the company's executive officers, covering multiple pieces of equipment. Subsequent restructurings altered the principal amounts and terms, notably on February 29, 1980, when the amount grew to P7,633,245.52, maturing on February 12, 1982. A second chattel mortgage was executed on April 9, 1980, covering additional equipment as further collateral.

Legal Proceedings Initiated by Respondent

Failing to meet payment obligations on the loan, Komatsu Industries ultimately defaulted, prompting Pilipinas Bank to file a complaint for replevin and damages on September 28, 1984. The trial court issued a seizure order on November 5, 1984, but subsequent efforts to recover the collateral were ineffective. A modified judgment was rendered by the trial court on January 20, 1989, ordering the Petitioner to pay the outstanding debt and various additional charges, including interest and attorney’s fees.

Appellate Court Findings

The Court of Appeals upheld the trial court's decision on June 18, 1993, while modifying the reckoning date for the interest and charges to the date of judicial demand on September 28, 1984. The appellate court denied a subsequent motion for reconsideration on August 26, 1993, confirming its earlier ruling.

Petitioner’s Claims of Error

In its appeal, the Petitioner argued that the appellate court erred in its findings pertaining to several factors, including the doctrine of no default for unliquidated sums, mishandling of credited amounts, and the validity of the chattel mortgages. The Petitioner claimed it was in negotiations to reconcile the debt and had offered receivables from third parties as part of a proposed settlement.

Examination of Findings and Legal Concepts

The Supreme Court found the issues raised by the Petitioner to revolve mostly around factual determinations rather than legal errors. Testimonies indicated that while the Petitioner attempted to assign certain receivables to settle the debt, such attempts did not materialize into a binding or enforceable agreement.

The Court reiterated that the principle of promissory estoppel, which might apply if a party

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