Title
Juala vs. Employees' Compensation Commission
Case
G.R. No. 57623
Decision Date
Mar 29, 1984
A widower sought death benefits after his wife, a senior clerk, died from ailments. The Supreme Court ruled in his favor, applying the increased risk theory and emphasizing liberal labor law interpretation, granting compensation despite uncertain medical causation.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 57623)

Employment History and Medical Background

Candelaria Juala commenced her employment with the Highway District Engineers Office on January 19, 1954, and held various positions, culminating as a senior clerk. Her medical records indicate that she suffered from health issues beginning in July 1975, eventually leading to severe anemia and requiring hospitalization. Following medical treatment, she was eventually diagnosed with a ruptured tumor secondary to the hepatic flexure, resulting in her untimely death at the age of 44, after over twenty-one years of service.

Denial of Claims and Initial Proceedings

Following her death, Felipe Juala filed a claim for death benefits, which the GSIS initially denied based on the conclusion that there was no causal relationship between her ailments and her job. The GSIS noted that the medical findings did not establish any work-related origins for her conditions. The petitioner’s subsequent motions for reconsideration were also denied, leading to an affirmation of the denial by the ECC on November 7, 1980.

Contentions of the Petitioner

Felipe Juala disputed the ECC’s findings, arguing that his wife’s death should be compensable, pointing out that she entered service in good health and that her work responsibilities involved considerable stress and overtime. He suggested that her work conditions likely contributed to her health problems, specifically nephrolithiasis and tumor development.

Respondent's Defense and Medical Findings

The ECC maintained that Candelaria Juala’s clerical work did not necessitate intensive physical labor that could predispose her to her medical issues. They asserted that both nephrolithiasis and hepatic flexure tumors are primarily informed by non-occupational factors, thereby negating any claims for work-related causation.

Ruling on Compensability

The Court found merit in the petitioner's claims, relying on precedents which assert that the origins of many cancers remain undetermined. The Court highlighted the inconsistency in the ECC’s dismissal of the potential link between Candelaria Juala’s work and her illness, especially since medical authorities recognize that the etiology of colon cancer is still not precisely understood. The theory of increased risk under the applicable law—P.D. 626—was invoked, sugges

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