Title
Jalbuena vs. Lizarraga
Case
G.R. No. 10599
Decision Date
Dec 24, 1915
Vicenta Jalbuena, aware of her husband’s sugar-mill levy and sale, failed to assert ownership until after the sale. The Supreme Court ruled she was estopped from reclaiming the property due to her inaction, protecting the rights of the innocent purchaser.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 10599)

Background Facts

On May 22, 1903, Salvador Lizarraga, as the judgment creditor, instructed the sheriff of the Province of Iloilo to levy an old sugar-mill owned by Ildefonso Doronila. At the time of the levy, Doronila claimed ownership of the mill, which led to its subsequent auction in late July 1913, culminating in the sale of the mill to a third party, Lopez.

Legal Proceedings and Claims

Vicenta Jalbuena initiated legal action on November 26, 1913, seeking recovery of the sugar-mill or compensation for its value, asserting that the mill was her exclusive property and claiming her husband had no legitimate interest in it. The trial court dismissed Jalbuena’s claim, leading to her appeal based on perceived errors in this ruling.

Knowledge of the Levy and Sale

Central to the court's decision was the fact that Vicenta Jalbuena possessed knowledge of the levy and sale of the property, having been aware when the sheriff executed the levy. Notably, she refrained from raising any objections or claims during the auction process, allowing the sale to proceed without protest.

Estoppel Principle Applied

The trial court concluded that Jalbuena was estopped from asserting her ownership claim against the defendants due to her prior inaction. The decision referenced established legal doctrine suggesting that individuals who stand by and do not assert their ownership during a property sale cannot later claim ownership. The court examined multiple cited cases but found that they did not support the appellant's argument, highlighting that timely claims or demands to the sheriff were crucial in those instances.

Legal Interpretation of Estoppel

The ruling affirmed the principle that a true owner who, while aware of a pending sale, permits another to hold themselves out as the owner cannot later contest that ownership post-sale. References to various legal texts supported the argument that a party's silence or inaction in the presence of a claim to the property

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