Title
Hospital de San Juan de Dios, Inc. vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
Case
G.R. No. 31305
Decision Date
May 10, 1990
Hospital De San Juan De Dios contested a tax assessment, arguing expenses for managing investments were deductible. Courts ruled passive investment activities did not qualify as a "trade or business," disallowing deductions.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 31305)

Background of the Assessment

The Commissioner of Internal Revenue assessed a total tax deficiency of ₱51,462 for the years 1952 to 1955, which was later reduced to ₱16,852.41 upon petitioner's protest. The core issue of the dispute arose from the classification of certain income types and the expenses related to them. The CTA determined that the petitioner's expenses related to managing investments were not deductible under the Revenue Code, as they were not incurred in "carrying on any trade or business."

Applicable Law

The relevant provision invoked in the proceedings is Section 30 of the Revenue Code. This section outlines the criteria for allowable deductions from gross income, indicating that ordinary and necessary expenses incurred in the course of carrying on a trade or business are tax-deductible. The key phrase here emphasizes that these deductions must relate to a trade or business, which is critical to the resolution of the case.

Court of Tax Appeals Ruling

The Court of Tax Appeals ruled that the income received by the Hospital from rentals, dividends, and interests was incidental to its main activities as a hospital and nursing school. The CTA noted that the petitioner failed to provide substantial evidence that its activities concerning investment management constituted a "trade or business." It emphasized the absence of proof regarding the nature and extent of investment activities, leading to the conclusion that the petitioner acted merely as a passive investor.

Interpretation of Business Activity

Further elaborating on the nature of "business," the CTA distinguished between profitable activities aimed at income generation and the charitable undertakings of the petitioner. The hospital's mission was rooted in benevolence, charity, and religious purposes, which meant that its income from non-operating activities did not align with the definition of "carrying on a trade or business" in the context of tax deductions.

Final Decision

Ultimately, the decision of the Court of Tax Appeals was

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