Title
Heirs of Teodoro M. Cruz, represented by Arsenia Cruz, et al. vs. Court of Industrial Relations, Santiago Rice Mill, and King Hong Company
Case
G.R. No. L-23331
Decision Date
Dec 27, 1969
Union members contested a P110,000 settlement, alleging lack of authority and unconscionability. Supreme Court nullified it, citing due process violations and insufficient compensation.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-23331)

Factual Background

The disputes date back to June 21, 1952, when the Santiago Labor Union filed a petition in the Court of Industrial Relations for unpaid wages, including overtime and premium pay. The union was representing workers employed at the Santiago Rice Mill in Isabela, a firm owned by King Hong Company. The claims totaled approximately P123,526.36, which included significant amounts for back wages and other claims.

Judgment and Subsequent Proceedings

On August 31, 1962, the Court of Industrial Relations ruled in favor of the workers, mandating the respondent firm to pay various amounts due, including back wages and reinstatement for illegally dismissed workers. However, ongoing enforcement of this decision encountered significant delays, exacerbated by the firm's financial difficulties.

Original Settlement

Respondents later proposed a settlement agreement for P110,000, significantly less than the original judgment of P423,756.74, which the union's board of directors accepted without the knowledge or consent of the majority of union members, including petitioners who were opposing the settlement. This led to appeals from affected union members who characterized the settlement as unconscionable and reached under dubious circumstances, alleging fraud and a lack of authority on part of union leaders to enter into such compromise.

Claims of Bad Faith and Lack of Authority

Petitioners argued that the union board, specifically President Segundino S. Maylem, acted in bad faith by failing to disclose critical information regarding the firm’s assets and the ongoing legal obligations, particularly the court-mandated deposit of P200,000. They contended that the settlement was executed without proper authorization and denied fair hearing rights, asserting that the board could not compromise the members' claims without express authority, which they did not possess.

Court's Analysis on Settlement Approval

The majority ruling of the Court of Industrial Relations initially upheld the settlement. However, the petitioners successfully challenged this approval on grounds that the accelerated endorsement of the settlement disregarded sufficient due process protections. The absence of a formal conference initially scheduled to review the settlement further impeded the opportunity for stakeholders to present objections, exacerbating the perceived injustice in the proceedings.

Findings of Grave Consequences

The Court underscored that both legal and fiduciary obligations were violated, as the union representation failed to act diligently in protecting its members’ interests. The lack of authority among union leaders to compromise claims caused significant inequities, resulting in potential losses to workers previously awarded judgments.

Ruling and Directions

The appellate court ultimately ruled that the settlement shou

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