Title
Heirs of Completo vs. Abayda, Jr.
Case
G.R. No. 172200
Decision Date
Jul 6, 2010
A motorist's negligence caused a bicyclist's severe injuries; employer held vicariously liable. Court awarded temperate and moral damages, emphasizing motorists' higher duty of care.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 172200)

Background of the Incident

On the day of the accident, Albayda alleged that the taxicab operated by Completo collided with him while he was on his bicycle, resulting in serious injuries, including a fractured left knee. After the incident, the police and local authorities were involved, but attempts at conciliation between the parties were unsuccessful, prompting Albayda to file a complaint against Completo for reckless imprudence, while Completo countercharged Albayda for damages to property. The case evolved through various courts, revealing differing accounts of the accident and the liability attributed to each party.

Judicial Proceedings

Initial judgments from the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Pasay City found in favor of Albayda, awarding him damages based on the evidence presented. Upon appeal, the Court of Appeals upheld much of the lower court’s findings but modified certain awards, particularly in the calculation of damages, prompting the petitioners to challenge the Appellate Court's ruling.

Essential Issues

The petitioners raised three primary issues: the determination of fault regarding who caused the collision, the adequacy of the diligence shown by Abiad as the employer of Completo, and the legitimacy of the damage awards including moral and temperate damages as well as attorney fees.

Analysis of Negligence

In its ruling, the Supreme Court emphasized that the determination of negligence is a factual matter best assessed by the trial courts, which had the advantage of directly observing the evidence and testimonies. The Court reaffirmed that Completo’s actions, including the alleged over-speeding and failure to yield the right of way to Albayda, constituted negligence, thereby establishing liability under Article 2176 of the Civil Code. It underscored the inherent responsibility of motor vehicle operators to exhibit greater caution compared to non-motorized vehicle users due to the potential risk posed to bicyclists.

Employer Liability

The Court highlighted the principle of vicarious liability as outlined in Article 2180 of the Civil Code, which holds employers accountable for the negligent acts of their employees during the performance of their duties. Abiad's attempts to exculpate himself from liability were deemed insufficient; he failed to provide convincing evidence that he exercised the diligent supervision and selection of Completo, thus confirming his solidary liability alongside Completo for damages incurred by Albayda.

Damages Awarded

The Supreme Court upheld the reduction of awards made by the Court of Appeals regarding actual damages due to insufficient documentation of expenses by Albayda. However, recognizing the severe pain and suffering experienced by Albayda, the Court allowed for an award of temperate damages set at P100,000 and moral damages amounting to P500,000. The Court justified these awards based on the profound impact of the injuries o

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