Title
Guillergan vs. Ganzon
Case
G.R. No. L-20818
Decision Date
May 25, 1966
Long-term Iloilo City sweepers, illegally dismissed, won reinstatement and back pay as the Supreme Court ruled their positions' abolition was politically motivated, not for economy.
A

Case Summary (G.R. No. 166429)

Background of the Case

The petitioners, who had served as laborers in unclassified positions for years ranging from nine to twenty-five, filed a civil case in 1955 to contest their alleged illegal dismissal. They claimed that their removal from service by the Mayor was unjustified, given their status as non-civil service eligibles who were paid daily. On March 15, 1956, the Court of First Instance ruled in favor of the petitioners, declaring them permanent employees and ordering their reinstatement. However, despite this court order, their positions were not included in the budget for the fiscal year 1960-1961, prompting further legal action.

Petition for Mandamus

In response to the removal of their budget items and failure to reinstate them, the petitioners initiated a mandamus action against the respondents to compel the restoration of their salaries and positions. The respondents defended their actions by citing economic considerations and inefficiency among the petitioners, asserting that the positions were being considered for privatization and contractualization.

Lower Court's Ruling

The lower court found the respondents’ claims to be unfounded, concluding that the abolition of the petitioners' positions was politically motivated. The court determined that the eliminations were merely a cover to replace the petitioners with individuals loyal to the respondents. Consequently, the court ruled that the abolition of the positions was illegal and that the respondents were obligated to comply with the earlier court ruling.

Appeal by Respondents

The respondents appealed the lower court's decision, specifically disputing the liability of the City of Iloilo for the back salaries owed to the petitioners. They argued that municipal corporations enjoy immunity concerning governmental functions unless explicitly made liable by statute, referencing the Charter of Iloilo City, which they claimed protects the City from such liabilities.

Court's Findings on Municipal Liability

The Supreme Court dismissed the respondents' claims, clarifying that the Iloilo City Charter permits the City to be subject to lawsuits. It asserted that the operation and maintenance of public markets, where the petitioners worked, do not constitute strictly governmental functions. Additionally, the Court noted precedents

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