Title
Go vs. Sandiganbayan
Case
G.R. No. 172602
Decision Date
Sep 3, 2007
Private individual Henry T. Go challenged charges under Section 3(g) of RA 3019, arguing it applies only to public officers. The Supreme Court agreed, ruling private individuals cannot be held liable under Section 3(g); proper charge is under Section 4(b). Case dismissed.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 172602)

Applicable Law

The primary law at issue is Republic Act No. 3019, particularly Section 3(g), which penalizes public officers who engage in contracts that are manifestly and grossly disadvantageous to the government. The pertinent constitutional framework is the 1987 Philippine Constitution, relevant due to the decision date being in 2008.

Factual Background

The conflict emerged from an Amended and Restated Concession Agreement (ARCA) related to the construction of the Ninoy Aquino International Passenger Terminal III. It was alleged that Rivera, in conspiracy with Go, unlawfully entered into this agreement, which favored the interests of the Philippine International Air Terminals, Co., Inc. (PIATCO) and put the government at a disadvantage.

Elements of the Crime

According to Section 3(g), three essential elements need to be established for a violation: (1) the accused must be a public officer, (2) the accused must enter into a contract on behalf of the government, and (3) the contract must be manifestly or grossly disadvantageous to the government. The law emphasizes that it is the nature of the act itself that is critical—malice or criminal intent is immaterial, highlighting the malum prohibitum nature of the statute.

Distinction Between Public Officers and Private Individuals

The Court clarified that the offense defined in Section 3(g) can only be committed by public officers. In prior cases, such as Luciano v. Estrella, it was established that even if a private individual conspired with public officers, their liability under Section 4(b) of the same Act requires proof of criminal intent. Therefore, the criminal liability of public officials for Section 3(g) is separate and distinct from that of private citizens.

Information and Charges

The information stated that both Rivera and Go were accused of committing a violation of Section 3(g) due to their involvement in entering into the ARCA. The specifics of the allegation pointed to provisions benefiting PIATCO, which were deemed to be unfavorable to the government and clearly indicated a privileging of private interests over public welfare.

Court’s Rationale and Conclusion

Upon granting the motion for reconsideration filed by Henry T. Go, the Court determined that he could not be charged under Section 3(g) for a violation that might only be

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