Title
Supreme Court
Go vs. Bureau of Immigration and Deportation
Case
G.R. No. 191810
Decision Date
Jun 22, 2015
A deportation case involving disputed Filipino citizenship, hinging on delayed election of citizenship by petitioner's father, deemed final by BI and upheld by SC.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 226138)

Facts of the Case

In June 1999, employee complaints against Go suggested that his father, Carlos Go Sr., was an undocumented alien. The complaints asserted that Carlos Go Sr. had obtained basic education in the Philippines and had married a Chinese woman, thereby implying that both he and his son Jimmy Go were aliens, given Carlos Sr.'s Chinese nationality. In April 2000, Ramos initiated a complaint for Go’s deportation, claiming that records demonstrated Go was also a Chinese citizen rather than a Filipino. Birth certificates for Go and his siblings indicated their citizenship as "Chinese."

Legal Proceedings and Evidence Presented

Go responded by asserting that his father had elected Philippine citizenship, supported by documentation including an Oath of Allegiance and an Affidavit of Election of Citizenship. Go alleged that his father was registered as a voter in Philippine elections, further claiming that his birth certificate states his father’s citizenship as “Filipino.” However, the Board of Immigration subsequently dismissed claims of citizenship, stating the necessary elections and documentation were filed improperly or too late after Carlos Go Sr. reached adulthood.

Bureau of Immigration’s Decision

The Bureau of Immigration, relying on the documents affirming that Jimmy Go was born to Chinese parents, reinstated the deportation proceedings after initially dismissing the complaint against him. A detailed charge sheet outlined specific violations related to illegal documentation and nationality misrepresentation. The Board ruled for his deportation to China, citing the prima facie evidence of his citizenship claims as insufficient.

Rulings from Lower Courts

An RTC in Pasig issued a writ of preliminary prohibitory injunction against the implementation of the deportation order, but this was ultimately dissolved, reaffirming the Bureau's decision. The CA later affirmed this, finalizing the April 17, 2002 deportation decision of the Bureau.

Highest Court's Findings and Conclusion

The Supreme Court upheld the findings of the lower courts, confirming that the April 17, 2002 decision had become final and executory due to the failure of Go to effectively challenge it. Emphasizing the principle of immutability of judgments, the Court ruled that Go's arguments regarding his citizenship did not provide sufficient grounds for a second reconsideration based on established rules barring such motions. The continuity of previous court decisions regarding Go's citizenship necessitated his deportation, given the substantive proof against his claim of Filipino nationality.

Key Legal Principles

The Supreme Court underscored that citizenship claims, even with evident familial connections to Filipino citizens, are subject to specific legal frameworks that dictate the process of election and affirmation of citizenship. Furthermore, the Court maintained that questions of fact regarding citizenship and procedural validity leading to deportation are primarily within the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Immigration and not subject to judicial second-guessing unless manifest errors exist.

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