Title
Garcia vs. Perez
Case
G.R. No. L-28184
Decision Date
Sep 11, 1980
Purificacion Garcia challenged Angelo Perez's appointment as Senior Clerk, claiming preferential right. Court dismissed her quo warranto petition as time-barred and lacking entitlement.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-28184)

Background of the Case

In September 1964, a vacancy arose for the position of Senior Clerk, which previously had an annual salary of P4,800. Purificacion V. Garcia filed an application for this position, having previously served as a Senior Clerk in the same division with a lower salary of P3,400. On September 12, 1964, the Presiding Justice of the Court of Appeals appointed Angelo Perez to the position, with a slightly lower salary of P4,200. Garcia protested Perez's appointment to the Civil Service Commission, claiming that she was next in rank and thus entitled to the position.

Decisions of the Lower Court

The Court of First Instance of Manila dismissed Garcia's petition, stating that she did not have a claim to the position but only a "preferential right" to be appointed. The court emphasized that since Perez had already been appointed and was discharging the duties of the position, Garcia's complaint had no legal basis. Additionally, the court noted that Garcia’s complaint was filed more than a year after Perez’s appointment, which barred her from any legal remedy.

Legal Findings

The key legal issue revolves around whether Garcia had the standing to initiate a quo warranto proceeding. The Philippine legal principle mandates that a petitioner in a quo warranto must establish entitlement to the office in question. Citing precedents, the court reiterated that those who do not assert a right to an office cannot challenge the title of another. Garcia’s claim of a mere preference for the position failed to meet this criterion.

Timeliness of the Action

The court also addressed the issue of the timeliness of Garcia’s action. The court determined that Garcia should have filed her petition within one year of Perez’s appointment, effective September 14, 1964. Garcia filed her petition on November 25, 1966, which the court found was beyond the permissible period. The court dismissed Garcia's argument that the pendency of her protest at the Civil Service Commission suspended the one-year period, indicating that remedies available through administrative channels do not impede the application of th

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