Title
Francisco vs. Rodriguez
Case
G.R. No. L-31083
Decision Date
Sep 30, 1975
Ursula Francisco’s denied land application led to disputes over Lot No. 595; Supreme Court ruled land reverted to State, affirming government ownership and possession.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-31083)

Procedural History

The case has undergone multiple appeals spanning more than two decades. Initially, Ursula Francisco applied for the purchase of Lot No. 595 consisting of 33.1185 hectares in Davao City in 1932, but her application was rejected by the Director of Lands due to allegations of her acting as a dummy in the acquisition. Despite this, she continued to maintain possession and later conveyed a portion of the property to her lawyer, Julian Rodriguez, without realizing the implications of the deed she signed.

Key Developments

In 1940, Francisco conveyed 29.3298 hectares to Rodriguez, mistakenly believing the transaction to be a different form of legal agreement. After discovering that she had signed a deed of absolute sale, she sought to annul the deed through a civil case. The court upheld her claim, declaring the deed null and void; however, it ruled that the property remained government land. Subsequently, the Bureau of Lands reinstated her sales application but did not execute it, prompting her to sue Rodriguez for recovery of possession.

Court Decisions

The lower court ruled against all parties involved in a civil case concerning the land, directing the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources to take over the matter. Both Francisco and Rodriguez appealed, believing their earlier positions were restored. However, the Court affirmed the lower court’s decision, declaring the land reverted to the State due to the invalidity of Francisco's sale and continuing possession despite the rejection of her application.

Final Rulings on Reversion

On October 31, 1962, the Court affirmed that the reversion was self-operative and that Francisco’s application had been rightfully rejected due to her previous actions. The court emphasized that the government possessed the authority to determine ownership claims to public lands, and since Francisco's application had been denied due to her improper conduct, she could not assert any rights over the property.

Subsequent Developments

In 1966, the Director of Lands attempted to execute the Court's decision, with Francisco arguing that part of the land remained in her possession. Rodriguez also sought intervention, claiming a new suit was necessary due to the elapsed time since the judgment. The lower court denied these motions and ordered execution of the previously affirmed ruling, placing the land entirely under the control of the Di

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