Title
Supreme Court
1st Philippine Holdings Corp. vs. Securities and Exchange Commission
Case
G.R. No. 206673
Decision Date
Jul 28, 2020
A corporation challenged the SEC's P24M fee for extending its corporate term, arguing it was excessive. The Supreme Court ruled the fee unreasonable, invalidated the SEC's circular, and ordered a refund of the excess amount.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 206673)

Context and Background

This case revolves around a legal dispute concerning the substantial filing fee imposed by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for the extension of First Philippine's corporate term. The SEC charged First Philippine P24,000,000.00, based on SEC Memorandum Circular No. 9, Series of 2004, which dictates that the application for extended corporate existence entails a fee equivalent to 1/5 of 1% of the corporation's authorized capital stock.

Relevant Dates

  • Registration of First Philippine: June 30, 1961
  • Termination of Corporate Existence Under Current Terms: June 30, 2011
  • Fee Imposition Date: June 21, 2007
  • CA Resolutions: September 28, 2012, and March 25, 2013

Applicable Law

The case is evaluated under the 1987 Philippine Constitution, particularly focusing on the due process clause, along with relevant provisions under the Corporation Code and Securities Regulations Code.

Prior Proceedings and SEC Ruling

First Philippine filed its amended Articles of Incorporation to extend its corporate term from the original 50 years. Upon application, it paid the filing fee but subsequently expressed concern about the fee's reasonableness, especially in light of historical fee structures that placed a much lower cap on similar assessments. After an exchange of submissions, the SEC upheld the fee as a valid exercise of its authority, stating that it reflects the SEC's duties in regulating public companies.

Court of Appeals Ruling

The Court of Appeals affirmed the SEC's authority to set filing fees, reiterating that the fee structure was reasonably necessary to enable regulatory oversight and protect investors. First Philippine's subsequent motion for reconsideration was denied.

Supreme Court Analysis and Findings

Initially, the Supreme Court recognized the SEC's authority to prescribe filing fees under the Corporation Code but ultimately found the amount of P24,000,000.00 to be excessive and unreasonable. The Court underscored that while the SEC must cover its own operational costs through fees, such fees must remain reasonable and proportionate to the service provided.

Rationale on Unreasonableness

The Court emphasized that the imposed fee far exceeded any rational relation to the actual regulatory activities involved in processing the amendment of corporate articles. Considering historical precedents, the a

...continue reading

Analyze Cases Smarter, Faster
Jur is a legal research platform serving the Philippines with case digests and jurisprudence resources. AI digests are study aids only—use responsibly.