Title
Filipro, Inc. vs. Permanent Savings and Loan Bank
Case
G.R. No. 142236
Decision Date
Sep 27, 2006
Filipro sued Philbank over an altered check cleared despite visible defects. A compromise agreement was approved, but the Court of Appeals later ordered remittance to PSLB's receiver. The Supreme Court upheld the finality of the compromise, ruling it immutable and unalterable.
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Case Summary (G.R. No. 142236)

Background of the Case

On January 17, 1984, Filipro, Inc. filed a complaint for damages against the Philippine Banking Corporation (Philbank) concerning a check that had been patently altered while in the possession of Filipro. The check was issued to Filipro but was stolen and altered by an employee, Jessie Fuentes, who then deposited the modified check at the Permanent Savings and Loan Bank and withdrew funds for personal use. Following this incident, various legal maneuvers ensued involving third-party complaints amongst the banks involved.

Relevant Proceedings Leading to Compromise

The series of legal battles included Philbank's third-party complaint against Allied Bank and further complications involving the Permanent Savings and Loan Bank. The trial court twice ruled the bank in default for failing to appear in court. A Partial Decision was rendered against the Permanent Savings and Loan Bank, establishing its liability to Allied Bank for reimbursement.

Subsequently, a compromise agreement was entered into by Filipro, Philbank, and Allied Bank on October 16, 1989, where it was agreed that Philbank would pay Filipro P547,000 and Allied Bank would pay Philbank an amount of P10,000, with a stipulation that all parties would waive claims against each other. The trial court approved this agreement, highlighting that it was in line with law and public policy.

Action Taken by the Court of Appeals

The Permanent Savings and Loan Bank later filed a petition for certiorari and prohibition with the Court of Appeals on November 27, 1992, disputing the original compromise decision and seeking to compel Filipro and Philbank to remit the agreed amounts to its receiver. The Court of Appeals dismissed the petition but instructed both companies to remit the payments, reasoning that the funds deposited by the Permanent Savings and Loan Bank with Allied Bank were still accessible by its receiver.

Legal Findings of the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court ultimately ruled on the legality of the Court of Appeals' decision, asserting that once a judgment has attained finality—such as the judgment stemming from the compromise agreement—it becomes immutable and unalterable. The Supreme Court determined that the Court of Appeals had erred in ordering the remittance of funds, as the compromise agreement was binding and had already been judicially endorsed.

Further, it found that the Permanent Savings and Loan Bank had been declared in default regarding its court appearances and had effectively lost its standing in the case. As such, it was

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