Title
Figueras vs. Commanding General of the Division of the Philippines
Case
G.R. No. 2146
Decision Date
Nov 1, 1906
Petitioner sought land registration using a Spanish-era patent but failed to prove prior possession, rendering the patent void; registration denied.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 2146)

Background of the Case

The petition for land registration was submitted by Jose Figueras on behalf of Manuel Testagorda Figueras. Evidence presented included a composition title or patent from the Spanish government, which the court deemed insufficient to establish ownership due to a lack of prior possession of the land by the petitioner. Testimonies from three witnesses, including the petitioner himself and officials from the provincial board of Iloilo, revealed crucial details about the land's possession history.

Testimonies and Claims of Possession

The petitioner admitted that he had not possessed the land prior to the patent's issuance, and the original applicant for the patent, Roman Solis, testified that neither he nor Figueras had inhabited the land at any point. Rather, other individuals occupied the land, leading to the conclusion that the patent was issued based on a misleading basis, as possession is a necessary prerequisite for such a certificate.

Court’s Findings and Legal Conclusions

The court established that the land in question had never been possessed by Figueras. It ruled that the patent issued was null and void due to this lack of possession. The court asserted that the fact the patent was void was supported by the petitioner’s own admission, eliminating any presumption that might suggest otherwise.

Investigative Authority of the Court

The Court of Land Registration, as per relevant legal provisions, had extensive powers to investigate claims of land ownership beyond the evidence presented by the parties involved. The court was empowered to demand additional evidence, even against stipulations laid out by the petitioner.

Historical Context of the Patent

The judgment outlined the requirements under Spanish law regarding the issuance of patents and their authenticity. It cited articles from the royal decree of February 13, 1894, which spelled out the need for petitions to be filed within specific time frames and proper procedures, highlighting that Figueras and Solis's claims did not meet these requirements.

Notable Legal Provisions

The court discussed that under the collaboration of the fiscal and the rules of evidence, if the existence of the patent challenged its

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