Title
Fajardo vs. Bautista
Case
G.R. No. 102193-97
Decision Date
May 10, 1994
Petitioners sought annulment of lot sales, specific performance, and damages after developers sold same lots to another buyer. RTC dismissed, citing HLRB jurisdiction; SC upheld, ruling certiorari improper due to lapsed appeal.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 102193-97)

Factual Background and Contracts

The petitioners entered into separate Contracts to Sell with the Jarenos, who were the owners and developers of the aforementioned subdivision. These contracts outlined the sale of specific lots in exchange for payment of the purchase price, whereby the Jarenos agreed to execute deeds of transfer upon full payment. However, the Jarenos sold these lots to Ruben Habacon, which led to the petitioners filing a complaint for annulment of these sales and reinstatement of their titles, among other requests.

Jurisdictional Dispute and Initial Court Rulings

The initial proceedings were initiated in the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Calamba. The trial court, however, ruled that it lacked jurisdiction over the petitions because the appropriate authority to resolve these complaints was the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLRB), in accordance with the provisions of P.D. No. 957 and subsequent amendments. The petitioners contended that the RTC did possess jurisdiction given the specific circumstances of their cases, particularly that their claims involved the annulment of titles held by a third party.

Trial Court's Dismissal Orders

On September 4, 1991, the RTC dismissed the petitions for lack of jurisdiction, reinforcing its position on the exclusive jurisdiction of the HLRB to resolve disputes tied to unsound real estate business practices. The trial court subsequently denied the petitioners’ motion for reconsideration on September 20, 1991, reaffirming that even though Habacon was not the developer, the Jarenos, as the original developers, engaged in questionable business practices that justified the HLRB’s jurisdiction.

Petition for Certiorari and Arguments

The petitioners filed a special civil action for certiorari seeking to annul the orders of dismissal, claiming the RTC had jurisdiction to hear their cases. Critically, the petitioners were past the reglementary period for filing an appeal, and they did not provide justification for this delay. They insisted that their action was appropriate due to the alleged grave abuse of discretion by the trial court, asserting that they had no recourse for the relief sought in a timely manner.

Jurisdictional Principles and the Court's Reasoning

In its analysis, the court stated that generally, an order dismissing a case, whether correctly or incorrectly decided, is subject to appeal and not certiorari. The justices pointed out that remedies of appeal and certiorari are mutually exclusive unless specific exceptional circumstances exist, which the petitioner

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