Title
Engineering Geoscience, Inc. vs. Philippine Savings Bank
Case
G.R. No. 187262
Decision Date
Jan 10, 2019
EGI defaulted on a loan, leading to foreclosure. A compromise agreement was contested over authority issues. SC upheld the agreement, citing apparent authority, estoppel, and laches.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 184068)

Applicable Law

The relevant legal framework for this case stems from the 1987 Philippine Constitution and the applicable provisions of civil law regarding obligations and contracts, particularly concerning compromise agreements and the authority of corporate officers.

Factual Background

EGI obtained a loan from PSBank amounting to Php 24,064,000.00, secured by a real estate mortgage on two properties. Despite a scheduled repayment plan, EGI defaulted after making only partial payments. As a result, PSBank invoked the acceleration clause in the promissory note and initiated extrajudicial foreclosure proceedings. EGI responded by filing a complaint for a writ of preliminary injunction and a restraining order against PSBank, leading to a compromise agreement approved by the trial court in January 1993. The agreement detailed EGI's acknowledgment of the loan and terms for full payment or transfer of property ownership to PSBank.

Further Proceedings and Compliance Issues

Despite the compromise agreement, EGI failed to comply with the terms of payment, prompting PSBank to seek enforcement through a motion for execution. The trial court's issuance of a writ of execution was later suspended for clarification, and upon re-evaluation, the court reinstated the writ, confirming PSBank's right to execute the compromise agreement. EGI contested the validity of the agreement, claiming that Santos lacked authority from the board of directors to enter into such an agreement.

Court of Appeals Ruling

The Court of Appeals (CA) annulled the trial court's orders that had declared the compromise agreement null and void, reinstating the trial court's decision from January 1993. The CA concluded that EGI had, in effect, empowered Santos through apparent authority based on prior dealings and lack of prompt objection to his actions. The CA held that EGI was estopped from contesting the authority of Santos due to the significant delay in raising such a defense, which constituted laches.

Supreme Court's Ruling

Upon appeal before the Supreme Court, EGI argued that the CA erred in reinstating the compromise agreement. However, the Supreme Court denied the petition, emphasizing that EGI's argument hinged on a factual determination regarding Santos' authority, which is typically beyond the scope of review in a Rule 45

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