Title
Eastern Assurance and Surety Corp. vs. Con-Field Construction and Development Corp.
Case
G.R. No. 159731
Decision Date
Apr 22, 2008
Subcontractor Freezinhot terminated contract, Con-Field completed project incurring costs; EASCO, as surety, held liable for performance bond due to Freezinhot's failure.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 159731)

Agreement and Performance Bond

On November 23, 1995, Con-Field entered into an agreement with Freezinhot, a subcontractor, requiring that Freezinhot provide necessary resources for the project, with an agreed payment of P1,730,150.00. The contract mandated that Freezinhot furnish a performance bond worth P346,150.00 from EASCO to ensure compliance with its obligations.

Termination and Project Management Issues

Freezinhot initiated performance on the project, but concerns about slow progress and defects were communicated by Con-Field on April 8, 1996. On May 4, 1996, Freezinhot’s president expressed the intent to terminate the contract. Con-Field responded clarifying that the termination was unilateral, and outlined Freezinhot's deficiencies, leading Con-Field to take over the work.

Lawsuit Initiation and RTC Proceedings

On January 8, 1997, Con-Field filed a complaint in the Regional Trial Court (RTC) for P616,961.14 to recover costs incurred due to Freezinhot's inability to perform and sought the performance bond from EASCO. Freezinhot and its president failed to respond to the complaint, resulting in a declaration of default against them, while EASCO submitted an answer with a counterclaim.

RTC Judgment

The RTC ruled in favor of Con-Field, ordering Freezinhot to pay the principal obligation and jointly with EASCO for the performance bond amount. EASCO's liability for attorney's fees was also ordered, which was subsequently appealed.

Court of Appeals Decision

The CA partially granted EASCO’s appeal, modifying the RTC's decision to relieve EASCO from the obligation to pay attorney’s fees while upholding the other parts of the judgment. EASCO’s claims regarding the mutual termination of the agreement were denied, as the court found Freezinhot had unilaterally terminated the contract.

Petitioner’s Arguments

EASCO argued that the evidence indicated the subcontracting agreement was ineffective because Freezinhot could not fulfill its obligations. EASCO claimed that the project resembled a "labor-only" subcontracting arrangement due to Freezinhot's financial and operational deficiencies, thus absolving it from liability under the performance bond.

Respondent's Counterarguments

Con-Field maintained that the grounds raised by EASCO were not relevant to the case, asserting that the issue of "labor-only" contracting was never contested in the original trial. Con-Field emphasized that the termination of the agreement was due to Freezinhot's breach of obligations, making EASCO solidarily liable for the performance bond.

Supreme Court Findings

The Supreme Court found EASCO's petition to be without merit. It ruled that critical ar

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