Title
Eastern and Australian Steamship Co., Ltd vs. Great American Insurance Co.
Case
G.R. No. L-37604
Decision Date
Oct 23, 1981
Shipment lost; carrier's liability limited to 100 Sterling per Bill of Lading, upheld by Supreme Court, reversing lower court's decision.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-37604)

Facts of the Case

On December 10, 1971, a shipment consisting of one case of impellers for a warman pump was sent from Sydney, Australia, intended for delivery to Benguet Consolidated, Inc. in Manila. This shipment was insured with Great American Insurance Company for a total of P35,921.81 against all risks. Upon the vessel's arrival in Manila on December 22, 1971, the shipment was not delivered. Following this, Great American Insurance was compelled to pay the consignee the insured amount because the petitioners failed to deliver the goods. Subsequently, Great American Insurance filed a claim for recovery against the petitioners, citing their inability to deliver the aforementioned shipment.

Legal Issues and Arguments

The petitioners, addressing their liability, contended that under the agreement outlined in the Bill of Lading, their liability should be limited to 100 Sterling or its peso equivalent of P1,544.40. They argued that the limit set in the Bill of Lading was valid and should be honored, as it was in accordance with the applicable stipulations in the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act. The legal question thus revolved around whether the limitation of liability stated in the Bill of Lading was enforceable in light of the provisions in the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, which prescribed a minimum liability of $500 per package for shipments lacking a declared value.

Decision of the Court

The Court of First Instance ruled in favor of Great American Insurance, finding the petitioners liable for $500 or its peso equivalent, thereby declaring Clause 17 of the Bill of Lading void as it was contrary to law. The petitioners contested this decision, asserting that the limitation on liability stipulated in the Bill of Lading was both reasonable and legally binding under the law.

Interpretation of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act

The ruling emphasized that under Section 4 (5) of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, the carrier could fix a maximum liability for lost or damaged goods but could not set this liability at an amount lower than $500 per package if no higher value was declared by the shipper. Thus, they concluded that the agreement in the Bill of Lading limiting liability to 100 Sterling was inconsistent with this law.

Application of Previous Case Law

The court referenced previous case law, confirming the validity of stipulations limiting a carrier's liability as long as they comply with statutory requirements. Article 1749 of the New Civil Code was also noted, indicating that a shipper agreeing

...continue reading

Analyze Cases Smarter, Faster
Jur is a legal research platform serving the Philippines with case digests and jurisprudence resources.