Title
Supreme Court
De Roca vs. Dabuyan
Case
G.R. No. 215281
Decision Date
Mar 5, 2018
Petitioner, a building lessor, was wrongly held liable for illegal dismissal claims due to lack of employer-employee relationship; SC reversed, dismissing case.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 215281)

Factual Antecedents

In 2012, the private respondents filed a complaint for illegal dismissal against "RAF Mansion Hotel Old Management and New Management and Victoriano Ewayan." Subsequently, they amended the complaint to include De Roca as a co-respondent. Although summons was initially sent through registered mail to De Roca, it was returned undelivered. Summons were later personally served to him, but he failed to attend subsequent hearings, leading the labor arbiter to allow the respondents to submit their position paper. The labor arbiter decided in favor of the respondents, ordering De Roca to pay back wages and other monetary awards, ultimately denying his motion to dismiss based on the lack of an employer-employee relationship.

Ruling of the Labor Arbiter

The labor arbiter ruled that De Roca's motion to dismiss was filed beyond the period provided by the NLRC Rules of Procedure and reiterated that he had failed to challenge the evidence submitted by the respondents. The ruling noted that De Roca's assertion regarding the absence of jurisdiction due to the alleged lack of an employer-employee relationship did not hold as he did not provide evidence to support his claims.

Ruling of the National Labor Relations Commission

De Roca's petition for annulment of the labor arbiter's judgment was dismissed by the NLRC due to its filing being beyond the prescribed period. The NLRC observed that procedural timelines were strictly adhered to and faulted De Roca for not having submitted his position paper or appealing in a timely manner.

Ruling of the Court of Appeals

De Roca subsequently petitioned for certiorari with the Court of Appeals, arguing that he was improperly included as a respondent merely due to his ownership of the hotel premises, while the actual employer was Victoriano Ewayan, who operated the hotel. The Court of Appeals dismissed the petition on grounds of timeliness and procedural adherence, noting that the jurisdictional issue concerning employer-employee relationships had not been adequately resolved in De Roca's favor.

Petitioner’s Arguments

De Roca’s arguments centered on the assertion that he was not the employer of the respondents and thus not subject to the jurisdiction of labor tribunals. He emphasized that the respondents were employed by Ewayan's company, Oceanic Travel and Tours Agency. De Roca claimed his inclusion as a party in the complaint was an afterthought due to Ewayan's disappearance. He contended that the labor tribunals failed to adequately consider the evidence regarding the lease agreement he had with Oceanic and thus did not establish any employment relationship between him and the private respondents.

Respondents’ Arguments

The respondents opposed De Roca's claims, asserting that he had indeed acted as their employer since he owned the hotel premises and failed to challenge his liability. They maintained that the labor arbiter had jurisdiction over De Roca as he was part of the management structure of the hotel, particularly following Ewayan's alleged abscondment. They contended that the absence of an appeal from De Roca rendered the labor arbiter's decision final and binding.

Ru

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