Title
De Pua vs. San Agustin
Case
G.R. No. L-27402
Decision Date
Jul 25, 1981
Guardianship case: void sale of minor's property without court approval; final 1959 order upheld, rescission granted, accounting required.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-27402)

Petitioner and Respondent Details

  • Petitioner: Eldegardes Yuson de Pua, judicial guardian of Leonora Navarro.
  • Respondent: Justiniano San Agustin, movant-appellee seeking confirmation of the deed of transfer.

Case Background and Proceedings

After the intestate deaths of spouses Enrique Navarro and Maximina Bonleon in 1945, their legitimate heirs included Benita Navarro, Leonora Navarro, and the grandchildren Ramon and Delia Navarro. The estate was partitioned in 1956, allocating properties including Lot 634-A to Leonora Navarro. In 1958, Eldegardes Yuson de Pua requested court authority to sell Lot 634-A, which was granted to provide for the ward's maintenance. This lot was sold to San Agustin for P13,750, with the court directing the amount to be deposited in a bank account for the guardianship.

In a subsequent petition in January 1959, Yuson de Pua sought authority to sell Lots 632 and 633 but had initially misrepresented their area in earlier filings. The court denied the request to sell these lots based on previous decisions that deemed such a sale unnecessary. However, Yuson de Pua had already executed a "Transfer of Rights" for the lots in question to San Agustin, who later sought confirmation of this deed, prompting legal contention.

Court Decisions and Appeals

On November 12, 1966, the lower court granted San Agustin’s motion to confirm the transfer, setting aside its prior denial from February 7, 1959. Yuson de Pua opposed this, arguing that the original denial was final and citing that the transfer was executed without proper authority, rendering it void ab initio.

Legal Analysis: Authority of the Guardian

Yuson de Pua raised two significant assignments of error: (1) the transfer of rights being void due to lack of authority by the guardian and (2) the lower court incorrectly setting aside a final order. Under Rule 95, Section 1 of the Rules of Court, property under guardianship can only be sold with prior court authority. The initial petition by Yuson de Pua to sell Lots 632 and 633 had been explicitly denied, indicating that any subsequent transfer executed prior was unauthorized.

Need for Court's Approval

The court must assess the necessity and benefit of the sale to the ward. The 1959 order denied the sale because the guardian had recently sold Lot 634-A. Moreover, the approval of the supplemental project of partition did not provide any legal grounds to ignore judicial authority. The confirmation by the court seven years later raised serious legal and ethical concerns about how the interests of the ward and the guardianship system were handled.

Final Judgment and Recommendations

The higher court concluded that the lower court's order of November 12, 1966, was flawed as it improperly overturned a previous final order without sufficient justification. The court emphasized that the guardianship court's r

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