Title
Custodio vs. Cristobal
Case
G.R. No. L-12487
Decision Date
Jan 30, 1962
Castor Custodio appealed his 20-day sentence for malicious mischief, contested recommitment after provisional release, and challenged dismissal of his *certiorari* petition. Supreme Court remanded, emphasizing procedural fairness and liberty rights.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-12487)

Case Background and Initial Proceedings

On June 20, 1955, after a trial, Custodio was found guilty and sentenced to 20 days of arresto menor, ordered to pay P80.00 in indemnity, with an additional subsidiary imprisonment should he be unable to pay, along with court costs. Following his conviction, Custodio was committed to municipal jail on the same day. Within two days, he indicated his intention to appeal the conviction and was provisionally released after fulfilling the appeal bond requirement.

Legal Controversy over Order of Recommitment

On June 24, 1955, the complainant’s counsel filed a motion to lift Custodio’s order of release, arguing that he had already commenced serving his sentence. The Justice of the Peace agreed and on July 5, 1955, issued an order for Custodio’s recommitment. Before this order could be executed, Custodio filed a petition for certiorari with injunction against both the Justice of the Peace and the chief of police, contending that the recommitment order was beyond the jurisdiction of the Justice of the Peace.

Court of First Instance Proceedings

The Court of First Instance, upon reviewing the petition, saw prima facie merit and granted a preliminary injunction, issuing a writ on July 18, 1955, after Custodio posted a bond of P200.00. Subsequently, on August 5, 1955, the respondents responded to the petition, asserting that the recommitment was lawful since Custodio was already serving his sentence.

Amendments and Dismissal of the Petition

On September 17, 1956, the Court of First Instance ordered Custodio to add the complainants as parties-respondents in accordance with Section 5, Rule 67 of the Rules of Court. When Custodio submitted a manifestation suggesting that the original respondents were sufficient, the trial court dismissed the case on October 11, 1956, due to Custodio's failure to include the additional parties as directed.

Appellant’s Arguments and Legal Considerations

Custodio appealed the dismissal, arguing the unnecessary nature of including the complainants as respondents. He stated that the Justice of the Peace and the chief of police were the only necessary parties because they enacted the disputed order. Moreover, Custodio posited that the trial court should have allowed him an opportunity to amend his petition rather than dismiss it outright.

Court’s Rationale and Decision

The reviewing court concurred with Custodio's contention that the trial court had acted too harshly by dismissing the case

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