Title
Commissioner of Customs vs. Court of Tax Appeals
Case
G.R. No. L-72069
Decision Date
May 21, 1988
Customs reappraised imported goods using undisclosed "alert notices," violating due process and legal standards; Supreme Court ruled in favor of importer, affirming CTA's decision.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-72069)

Facts of the Case

The appeals stem from two separate but related cases, CTA Cases Nos. 3177 and 3178, involving protests by Lovsted & Company against the additional customs duties assessed by the Collector of Customs in connection with two shipments. In CTA Case No. 3177, a shipment of refrigerating machinery parts arrived on July 1975, resulting in an increased valuation by the Collector of Customs from $62.35 to $70.24 per unit based on an alleged "alert notice." This resulted in an additional tax payment of P459. In CTA Case No. 3178, another shipment contained compressors and spare parts, with the Collector increasing the declared values significantly based on the same alert notice, leading to an additional tax assessment of P3,570.

Contentions of the Parties

In each case, the petitioner disputes Lovsted & Company’s assertion that the customs duties must be calculated based on the value indicated in the consular invoice per Section 201 of the Tariff and Customs Code, rather than the values suggested in the alert notices. Lovsted & Company contends that there was no established or published home consumption value for the goods, necessitating reliance on the values in the consular invoice.

Applicable Law

The relevant legal provision is Section 201 of the Tariff and Customs Code as amended by Presidential Decree No. 34 and currently reflected in Presidential Decree No. 1464. This section mandates that the dutiable value of imported articles shall be based on the home consumption value, or on the declared values in invoices, unless there exists reasonable doubt regarding those values.

Determination of Dutiable Value

The analysis focuses on whether the Collector of Customs acted lawfully in determining the dutiable value based solely on the alert notices instead of the values declared in the consular invoices. The law stipulates that customs duties should be based primarily on the declared invoiced prices, and a departure from this requires substantial evidence demonstrating the unreliability of those prices.

Findings of the Court

The Court found that the Bureau of Customs had not sufficiently established the basis of the alert notices used for reappraising the import values. The absence of published home consumption values and the lack of evidence regarding the alert notices indicated that the Collector's actions

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