Title
Civil Service Commission vs. Macud
Case
G.R. No. 177531
Decision Date
Sep 10, 2009
Fatima Macud, a public school teacher, was dismissed for alleged PBET exam fraud due to discrepancies in her records. The Supreme Court upheld CSC's jurisdiction and found substantial evidence of dishonesty, reversing the CA's decision.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 177531)

Procedural Background

This case arises from a petition for review on certiorari initiated by the Civil Service Commission (CSC), seeking to annul the Court of Appeals' (CA) Decision and Resolution which set aside previous findings of the CSC. The CSC had previously found Fatima A. Macud guilty of Dishonesty, Grave Misconduct, and Conduct Prejudicial to the Best Interest of the Service due to discrepancies in her claim about passing a professional board examination.

Factual Background

Fatima A. Macud was appointed as Teacher I at the Department of Education in Marawi City. As part of her application, she submitted a Personal Data Sheet (PDS) indicating she passed the Professional Board Examination for Teachers (PBET) on October 23, 1994. However, investigations revealed inconsistencies in her documentation, including disparities in her date of birth, differing signatures, and pictures that did not match.

Charge and Investigation

On November 27, 2002, Macud was formally charged by CSC Regional Office XII with dishonesty and grave misconduct. A formal investigation was scheduled for August 19, 2003. Macud failed to attend this investigation, yet documentary evidence was still presented against her, leading to a decision by CSCRO XII, which ultimately found her guilty and imposed the penalty of dismissal from service.

Appeal to CSC and Arguments

Macud appealed the CSCRO XII decision to the CSC Central Office, raising issues concerning the jurisdiction of CSCRO XII over her case, the sufficiency of evidence supporting the charges, and the lack of due process. The CSC upheld the earlier decision finding Macud guilty. Consequently, she elevated the issue to the CA, asserting that the appropriate jurisdiction rested with the Investigating Committee established under Republic Act No. 4670.

Court of Appeals' Ruling

On December 13, 2001, the CA ruled in favor of Macud, stating that the CSC lacked jurisdiction over the administrative case and that the Investigating Committee under RA 4670 should have conducted the investigation. The CA highlighted that specific provisions in RA 4670, which govern public school teachers, take precedence over the Civil Service Law, meaning all proceedings conducted by the CSC were deemed void.

Grounds for the CSC's Petition

Dissatisfied with the CA's ruling, the CSC sought review by pointing out that the CA erred in exclusive jurisdiction findings and claimed Macud was estopped from contesting jurisdiction due to her prior participation in the proceedings. The CSC affirmed that it retained jurisdiction under the relevant provisions of the Philippine Constitution and Administrative Code.

Supreme Court's Interpretation and Conclusion

The Supreme Court reversed the CA's decision, reiterating that the CSC is the constitutional body responsible for civil service oversight. The Court referenced Article IX-B of the 1987 Constitution, emphasizing the CSC has broad jurisdiction over all government employees, including public school teachers. The ruling clarified that while special laws like RA 4670 provide procedural guidelines for teach

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