Title
Supreme Court
Cipriano vs. Court of Appeals
Case
G.R. No. 107968
Decision Date
Oct 30, 1996
Cipriano's failure to register and insure his rustproofing business under P.D. No. 1572 constituted negligence per se, making him liable for the loss of Maclin Electronics' car in a fire, despite it being a fortuitous event. Attorney’s fees were deleted due to insufficient justification.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 107968)

Facts of the Case

On April 30, 1991, Maclin Electronics, Inc. delivered a 1990 Kia Pride to the petitioner for rustproofing. The vehicle was accepted under Job Order No. 123581, although the specific times of acceptance and release were not recorded. The rustproofing process, which the petitioner claimed takes around six hours, was interrupted by a fire on May 1, 1991, at a restaurant he owned adjoining the rustproofing shop. The fire resulted in the total loss of the Kia Pride, which was kept inside for protection. Following the event, the private respondent demanded reimbursement, leading to a lawsuit after the petitioner denied liability, citing the fortuitous nature of the fire.

Legal Issues Raised

The primary legal issues raised in the case concern the liability of the petitioner for the loss of the vehicle and whether his business operations necessitated insurance coverage in light of Presidential Decree No. 1572. The private respondent alleged that the fire was a result of the petitioner’s negligence, specifically citing his failure to register the business with the Department of Trade and Industry and secure the mandatory insurance.

Decision by the Trial Court

The regional trial court ruled in favor of the private respondent, asserting that the petitioner’s failure to comply with P.D. No. 1572 constituted negligence rendering him liable for the vehicle’s loss, despite the fire being a fortuitous event. The court ordered the petitioner to pay the market value of the Kia Pride along with attorney’s fees.

Ruling of the Court of Appeals

The Court of Appeals upheld the lower court's decision, emphasizing that the provisions of the Civil Code cited by the petitioner were inapplicable and that P.D. No. 1572 required service enterprises to insure their customer’s property. The appellate court noted that the petitioner's illegal operation without the necessary license and insurance led to his liability for the loss, as he failed to protect the vehicle from risks associated with running a business.

Negligence and Liability

The court addressed the petitioner’s assertion of the fire being a fortuitous event. It clarified that a statutory duty exists for service enterprises to secure insurance and that failure in this regard constitutes negligence per se. The appellate court referenced relevant precedents highlighting that non-compliance with regulatory requirements can render a business liable for resulting damages.

Modification of Attorney's Fees

Although the Court of Appeals affirmed most aspects of the trial court’s ruling, it acknowledged an error regarding the award o

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