Title
Chua vs. Court of Appeals
Case
G.R. No. 125837
Decision Date
Oct 6, 2004
Workers claimed regular employment status, SSS coverage, and wrongful dismissal; court ruled them regular employees, upheld timely claims, and ordered employer to pay unpaid SSS contributions and penalties.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 125837)

Relevant Proceedings

On 20 August 1985, the private respondents filed a petition with the SSC, asserting their status as regular employees entitled to coverage under the Social Security Act, due to their continuous employment in various construction projects managed by the petitioner since 1977. They alleged that they were improperly dismissed and not reported for social security coverage, thus violating the provisions of the law.

Petitioner's Defense

In response, the petitioner contended that the private respondents were project employees, not regular employees. He claimed their employment was limited to specific projects and thus exempt from compulsory coverage under the Social Security Act. The petitioner argued that the claims were barred by prescription and laches, asserting that the private respondents were aware of their employment status and had delayed in filing their claims.

Social Security Commission's Order

The SSC, in an order dated 01 February 1995, sided with the private respondents, determining their classification as regular employees according to the Labor Code, specifically Article 280. Consequently, the SSC ordered the petitioner to remit unpaid SSS contributions and penalties for late payments.

Court of Appeals' Ruling

The Court of Appeals affirmed the SSC's decision, concluding that the private respondents’ work was necessary to the petitioner’s business operations, aligning with characteristics of regular employment per Article 280 of the Labor Code. The court dismissed the defense based on prescription and laches as unfounded, noting that the claim was filed within the twenty-year prescriptive period mandated for non-remittance cases under the Social Security Act.

Supreme Court's Analysis

Upon review, the Supreme Court emphasized the necessity of establishing an employer-employee relationship to mandate SSS coverage, which is characterized by control over work results, wage payment, and dismissal authority. The Court reinforced the classification of the respondents as employees despite the petitioner's position on their project-based employment status.

Continuity of Employment and Regularity

The Supreme Court noted the continuous nature of the respondents’ employment across multiple projects, affirming their regular employee status based on the long-term periods of service, which ranged from two to eight years. Thus, the Court ruled out the classification of the respondents as project employees based on their repeated hiring and vital roles in the petitioner’s operations.

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