Title
Supreme Court
Catholic Bishop of Balanga vs. Court of Appeals
Case
G.R. No. 112519
Decision Date
Nov 14, 1996
A church-owned land was donated in 1936 but unregistered; the donee’s successor possessed it openly for decades. The church’s 49-year delay in reclaiming it barred recovery under laches, despite title imprescriptibility.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 112519)

Facts of the Case

The dispute arises from a deed of donation executed on August 23, 1936, by Rev. Fr. Mariano Sarili, the parish priest, who donated part of Lot No. 1272 to Ana de los Reyes in appreciation of her long service to the church. Although the donation was accepted, it was not registered. After Ana de los Reyes passed away in 1939, her nephew, Amando de Leon, took possession of the property. De Leon maintained uninterrupted possession for 49 years until the Petitioner sought recovery of the property in November 1985.

Initial Ruling and Appeal

The Regional Trial Court ruled in favor of the Petitioner, ordering the Private Respondent to vacate the property and pay rent. The Respondent subsequently appealed this decision. The Court of Appeals ultimately reversed the RTC ruling, holding that the Petitioner could not claim ownership due to laches—an unreasonable delay in asserting its rights.

Doctrine of Laches

The Court of Appeals ruled that the Petitioner’s inaction for 49 years constituted laches, which barred its right to recover the property. Laches is defined as the failure to assert a claim in a timely manner, and the court found that the Petitioner had knowledge of the Respondent's possession and retained the opportunity to file suit long before the actual commencement of action.

Elements of Laches

The court identified essential elements of laches present in this case: (1) the Respondent’s conduct of longstanding possession, (2) the Petitioner’s delay in asserting its claim despite having knowledge of the Respondent’s ownership, (3) the lack of any indication that the Respondent was aware of any intention from the Petitioner to reclaim the property, and (4) the potential harm to the Respondent should the Petitioner succeed in reclaiming the property after such a prolonged period.

Legal Framework

In their decision, both the Regional Trial Court and the Court of Appeals analyzed relevant articles from the Civil Code, including provisions regarding the enforceability of donations and the implications of laches in ownership disputes. The Court of Appeals noted that although Torrens titles are indefeasible and imprescriptible, laches could lead to the loss of the right to reclaim property if the original owner fails to act in a timely manner.

Final Ruling

In dismissing the Petitioner’s appeal, the Supreme Court affirmed the Court of Appeals' application of the laches doctrine, emphasizing the significant delay and i

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