Title
Bunag vs. Toma
Case
A.M. No. P-08-2576
Decision Date
Jun 2, 2020
A court employee was dismissed for sexual harassment, misconduct, and immorality after persistent advances toward a married colleague, violating judicial integrity.

Case Summary (A.M. No. P-08-2576)

Petitioner’s Allegations and Factual Background

– December 5, 2005: At a drinking session in Judge Dimaano’s chambers, Ivie observed colleagues laughing while Raul stood behind her; later received text from Raul admitting he “kissed her hair twice.”
– December 15, 2005 & January 2006: Social outings with Raul and other court employees; Ivie texted Raul to cease advances, but he persisted, confessing feelings and threatening to retaliate if she spoke.
– February 24, 2006: Using an official vehicle, a group including Ivie and Raul visited Sheriff Floresil’s house; a celebratory gathering at RTC Branch 94 followed, with photographs depicting drinking and karaoke.
– September 1 & 22, 2006: Ivie brought again to Sheriff Floresil’s residence with Raul.
– July 27–28, 2007: Ivie showed Alejandro threatening, defamatory text messages, allegedly from Anafe Tomanan in Saudi Arabia.
– August 23, 2007: Alejandro confronted Raul on the street, resulting in a fistfight and subsequent complaints for physical injuries and libel (against Anafe).
– October 2007: Raul returned from study leave accompanied by a bodyguard; sent intimidating messages to Ivie and Alejandro; attempted to deter Alejandro from entering RTC premises on October 15.
– Internal tensions also alleged among employees (Rowel and Conchitina’s purported affair; Marilyn and Juris’s marital discord). Ivie eventually agreed to transfer to MTC Gasan to avoid Raul.

Respondent’s Counter-Affidavit and Supporting Statements

– Raul denied all romantic involvement with Ivie, refuted that his wife sent text messages, claimed any drinking session was Ivie’s personal birthday celebration with Judge Dimaano’s permission, and denied visiting Sheriff Floresil’s house with Ivie.
– Submitted sworn statements of ten RTC employees who uniformly denied sexual advances, illicit affairs among co-employees, or unauthorized use of vehicles; they characterized events as innocuous birthday gatherings with judicial approval.

Procedural History

– November 12, 2008: Supreme Court re-docketed the complaint as a regular administrative matter; referred to Executive Judge for investigation.
– April 21, 2009: Investigating Judge Caballes issued a partial report noting the prohibition on drinking in court premises and recommending individual affidavits to explain photographs.
– January 2009: Ivie filed counter-affidavit; motions for inhibition and preventive suspension were denied July 8, 2009.
– Excessive delay prompted Court Administrator’s letter (2015); final Report/Recommendation submitted February 11, 2016, by Executive Judge Magturo.
– Judge Caballes recommended dismissal of charges against Raul and Ivie.
– December 29, 2016: Office of the Court Administrator (OCA) memorandum recommended finding Raul guilty of grave misconduct (sexual harassment, immorality, conduct unbecoming) and imposing dismissal with disqualifications.

Applicable Law

– 1987 Philippine Constitution, Art. VIII, Sec. 11: Administrative supervision and discipline of courts and personnel.
– A.M. No. 03-03-13-SC (Rule on Administrative Procedure in Sexual Harassment Cases; Guidelines on Proper Work Decorum in the Judiciary).
– A.C. No. 1-99: Prohibits drinking alcoholic beverages within court premises.
– CSC Resolution No. 01-0940 (Administrative Disciplinary Rules on Sexual Harassment Cases): Classifications and penalties for sexual harassment.
– Revised Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil Service (RRACCS): Penalties for simple misconduct.

Issue

Whether respondent Raul T. Tomanan is administratively liable for sexual harassment, immorality, and conduct unbecoming of a court employee.

Ruling on Sexual Harassment and Immorality

– Definition: “Work-related sexual harassment” includes unwelcome physical, verbal, and other acts that create a hostile work environment.
– Unwelcome Hair-Kissing: Qualifies as unwanted touching → less grave offense (CSC Res. 01-0940, Sec. 53[B][1]).
– Persistent Advances: Unwelcome sexual flirtation → light offense (CSC Res. 01-0940, Sec. 53[C][6]).
– Credibility: Petitioner’s candid, consistent account deemed more credible than respondent’s general denials; photograph shows inappropriate proximity.
– Immorality: Engaging in relations outside marriage by a judicial employee is disgraceful; creates hostile work en






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