Title
Bonsubre, Jr. vs. Yerro
Case
G.R. No. 205952
Decision Date
Feb 11, 2015
Criminal estafa case dismissed due to prosecution's failure to comply with court directives, upheld as final and acquittal-like; civil aspect preserved.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 205952)

Procedural History

The petitioner filed a complaint for estafa against the respondents, leading to a motion for a compromise agreement due to ongoing settlement discussions between the parties. The Regional Trial Court (RTC) initially permitted a ten-day period for the prosecution to submit a motion regarding this compromise. However, the prosecution later failed to do so, leading to the RTC's decision on September 18, 2001, which dismissed the case due to a violation of the respondents' constitutional right to speedy trial.

Subsequent Motions and RTC Ruling

After the dismissal, the petitioner, through a new counsel, filed a motion for reconsideration on June 15, 2004, claiming ignorance of the dismissal. The RTC denied this with a ruling on April 4, 2005, asserting that the dismissal had long become final and executory due to the petitioner's inaction. The court, however, noted that the petitioner could file an independent civil action regarding the civil aspect of the claim.

August 3, 2005 Order

In an order dated August 3, 2005, the RTC denied due course to the notice of appeal concerning the criminal aspect of the case but permitted an appeal regarding the civil aspect. The RTC clarified that the dismissal was grounded on the respondents' right to a speedy trial, rendering it an adjudication on the merits, thus barring appeal.

CA Ruling

Petitioner filed for certiorari before the Court of Appeals (CA), arguing that the RTC abused its discretion. The CA dismissed the certiorari petition on November 24, 2011, stating that the dismissal for failure to prosecute had attained finality and could not be reconsidered. The CA observed that the petitioner, being a lawyer, bore the responsibility for any lapses in prosecuting the case.

Issue for the Supreme Court

The central issue before the Supreme Court was whether the CA erred in affirming the RTC's ruling denying the petitioner’s notice of appeal regarding the criminal aspect of the case.

Supreme Court Ruling

The Supreme Court ruled against the petitioner, affirming that the September 18, 2001 Dismissal Order due to the denial of the right to a speedy trial is final and not subject to reconsideration. The Court expounded that an acquittal based on such dismissal bars further prosecution, establishing that errors by the trial court must be grave to warrant certiorari. The petitioner’s claims surrounding the due process violation were dismissed, as the inaction led by the prosecution resulted in the dismissal, thus limiting the rights afforded to the petitioner.

Compromise Agreement and Provisional Dismissal

The Supreme Court no

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