Title
Besa vs. Philippine National Bank
Case
G.R. No. L-26838
Decision Date
May 29, 1970
Tomas Besa, PNB Chief Legal Counsel, was transferred to a consultant role without salary change. SC ruled the position as primarily confidential, allowing termination upon loss of confidence, dismissing his petition.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 188551)

Petitioner’s Position

Tomas Besa, appointed as Chief Legal Counsel and Vice President of PNB in 1962, contested his transfer to the role of Consultant on Legal Matters, asserting that this action constituted an unlawful removal from office under constitutional protections. He was reassigned on October 20, 1966, through a resolution by the Bank’s Board of Directors, which he sought to nullify, arguing that the transfer occurred without legitimate justification or cause.

Respondents' Justification

In response, the respondents defended the legality and rationale behind the transfer. They maintained that the decision followed a valid appointment process by the Board, emphasizing the nature of the Chief Legal Counsel position as highly confidential, allowing for the appointing authority to designate or change personnel based on the Bank’s confidence and needs.

Legal Basis of the Decision

The decision evaluated the constitutional provision against removal without cause, typically pertinent to civil service employees enjoying fixed terms. However, it was noted that such provisions do not apply in circumstances where the position is confidential. The Court clarified that Besa's role as Chief Legal Counsel allowed the appointing body to terminate his position at will, meaning no formal removal had occurred.

Interpretation of Removal

The Court differentiated between a removal and a termination of position based on the nature of the employment. Since Besa’s role was inherently based on a relationship of trust and confidence, his reassignment was deemed a termination rather than a removal, negating his constitutional argument concerning protection against removal without cause.

Precedents Cited

Besa's arguments leaned on precedents that emphasized the security of civil service personnel from arbitrary dismissal. However, the Court found that those cases did not relate to positions carrying a confidential nature. The principles outlined were relying solely on technical competence versus the necessity of confidence in positions held.

Conclusion on Rights and Privileges

The ruling ultimately underscored the Bank's prerogative to select its legal counsel as it saw

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