Title
Baybayan vs. Aquino
Case
G.R. No. L-42678
Decision Date
Apr 9, 1987
Heirs of Vicente Oria contested estate ownership; petitioners claimed adverse title. Probate court overstepped by ordering complaint amendment; SC ruled disputes must be resolved in separate civil action.

Case Summary (G.R. No. L-42678)

Antecedent Facts

On January 19, 1960, private respondents, claiming to be the nephews and nieces of Vicente Oria, filed a petition for the summary settlement of his estate, which was valued at less than P6,000. The petition was lodged with the CFI of Pangasinan and eventually led to the probate court issuing an order for the heirs to submit a project of partition after confirming the estate's adjudication to them. By 1974, the probate court had confirmed this adjudication and ordered Eulalia Evangelista to deliver the shares of the estate to her co-heirs.

Writ of Possession and Contempt Motion

Subsequently, after a writ of possession was issued, the respondents encountered resistance from Jose Diaz and Cipriano Evangelista, who obstructed access to the land. This led to a motion for contempt against them. In response, the petitioners, who claimed to be the registered owners of the contested land, filed a complaint seeking to quiet their title and to restrain the execution of the writ.

Relocation Survey and Ownership Issues

During the contempt proceedings, the identities of the lands involved were questioned, prompting a relocation survey that ultimately determined that the lands delivered to the heirs were, in fact, registered in the petitioners' names. Upon this finding, the probate court dismissed the contempt charge but ordered the petitioners to amend their complaint in light of the clarified land claims.

Dismissal and Motion for Reconsideration

The petitioners attempted to comply with the court’s order by filing an Omnibus Motion and an amended complaint. However, the respondent Judge dismissed their case for failing to exclude a specific lot from their complaint, despite the prior findings regarding ownership of that lot during the probate proceedings. The petitioners filed a motion for reconsideration of this dismissal, which was subsequently denied.

Legal Analysis and Jurisdictional Issues

The petition filed for certiorari argued that the respondent Judge lacked authority, as the order for amending the complaint was rooted in a case where the petitioners were not parties. However, the court noted that the petitioners had voluntarily submitted to the probate court’s jurisdiction by filing their Omnibus Motion and therefore could not contest the authority of the Judge. Nonetheless, the Supreme Court found that the respondent Judge had committed a grave abuse of discretion in dismissing the case on procedural grounds relating to ownership issues that were not conclusively resolved.

Conclusion and Relational Precedents

The de

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