Title
Barican vs. Intermediate Appellate Court
Case
G.R. No. 79906
Decision Date
Jun 20, 1988
DBP foreclosed property, sold to Reyes; petitioners claimed ownership via deed. Writ of possession denied due to pending ownership case, reversing appellate court. SC upheld RTC, citing third-party rights.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 79906)

Background of the Case

The Regondola spouses obtained a loan from the Development Bank of the Philippines, secured by a real estate mortgage. Following their failure to repay the loan, the bank conducted an extrajudicial foreclosure on the property. After being declared the highest bidder at a public auction, the bank had the corresponding certificate of sale registered. The Regondolas did not redeem the property within the stipulated one-year period, leading to the consolidation of the title in favor of the bank.

Actions Taken by the Petitioner

On October 5, 1985, the bank petitioned for a writ of possession over the foreclosed property. However, the petitioners opposed this claim, asserting their ownership of the property based on a deed of sale with assumption of mortgage they executed with the Regondolas. They filed a complaint for declaration of ownership, which was subsequently acknowledged by the lower court, resulting in a temporary stay of the writ of possession issued in favor of the bank.

Decisions of Lower Courts

The lower court denied the bank's ex-parte petition for an alias writ of possession on March 21, 1986, citing the ongoing civil case for ownership. Upon appeal, the Intermediate Appellate Court reversed this decision, emphasizing that the issuance of a writ of possession is a ministerial act in favor of the highest bidder in a foreclosure sale, in accordance with existing laws.

Issue for Resolution

The central issue for the Supreme Court was whether the pendency of the civil case regarding the ownership of the foreclosed property constituted a barrier to issuing a writ of possession in favor of the Development Bank.

Legal Framework and Judicial Interpretation

The appellate court referred to various legal provisions, including Sections 7 and 8 of Act No. 3135, and Section 4 of Presidential Decree 385. The latter mandates that properties sold to government financial institutions in foreclosure shall be placed in their possession without delay. The Supreme Court reaffirmed that while this provision generally favors the bank, the unique circumstances of the case necessitate a different analysis.

Supreme Court’s Findings

The Supreme Court noted that the right to issue a writ of possession becomes non-ministerial when possession of the property is contested by third parties, as was the situation here with Barican and Alejo claiming ownership. The petition revealed that the bank never took physical possession of the property and delayed

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