Title
Bank of the Philippine Islands vs. De Coster y Roxas
Case
G.R. No. 25642
Decision Date
Nov 12, 1926
BPI sued Gabriela de Coster over a ₱292,000 promissory note and mortgages. Court ruled Gabriela not liable, as note paid partnership debts she wasn’t part of, and ratification lacked full knowledge.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 113843)

Background and Court Proceedings

Initially, the complaint sought the recovery of P292,000, backed by the aforementioned security. The Dominican Fathers, holders of a prior mortgage on the same property, were included as defendants. Following a default judgment against Gabriela de Coster and her husband on May 3, 1924, Gabriela filed a motion on August 26, 1924, to set aside the judgment, asserting her lack of liability regarding the debts and mortgages due to her husband’s representation.

Reversal of Default Judgment

The appellate court granted Gabriela's request to file an answer, allowing the matter to be heard on its merits. After proceedings in the lower court, Gabriela was eventually absolved of liability, prompting the bank to appeal, citing several errors in the trial court's findings.

Errors Assigned by Appellant

The Bank of the Philippine Islands contended that the trial court mistakenly ruled that Gabriela and her attorney did not possess full knowledge of the facts when they ratified the debts, and that the note was merely a substitution of preexisting debt. The bank argued that the power of attorney granted to the husband authorized him to secure loans for the partnership where both he and Gabriela were involved.

Appellant's Motion for New Trial

Post-appeal, the plaintiff filed a motion for a new trial on August 31, 1926, based on newly discovered evidence—a written instrument executed by both Gabriela and Jean Poizat on May 27, 1924. The motion was contested by Gabriela, arguing that the evidence was not "newly discovered," as it had been in the bank's possession for years.

Examination of "Newly Discovered" Evidence

The court found the evidence was neither new nor undiscovered. The bank had failing diligence, having held the instrument amongst its records and failed to present it during earlier proceedings. Thus, the appellate court denied the motion for a new trial based on this evidence.

Trial Court Findings on Merits

On the merits, the lower court ruled in favor of Gabriela, determining that she was not liable on the promissory note due to lack of consideration. The evidence pointed out that the note was intended as a consolidation of prior debts without actual funding being disbursed in her favor.

Legal Authority and Interpretation of Power of Attorney

The central issue was whether the power of attorney granted to Jean M. Poizat included the authority to bind Gabriela into a not

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