Title
Ascue vs. Court of Appeals
Case
G.R. No. 84330
Decision Date
May 8, 1991
Lessees consigned unpaid rent (P5,625) to MeTC; landlord challenged jurisdiction, but SC upheld MeTC's authority, ruling consignation within pecuniary limits.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 84330)

Facts of the Case

The private respondents, as plaintiffs, filed a complaint in the Metropolitan Trial Court of Manila (Branch 29) against petitioner Ascue, alleging non-payment of rent for the months of May, June, and July 1986, totaling P5,625.00. The petitioner contended that the Metropolitan Trial Court lacked jurisdiction over the case, claiming it should be heard by a Regional Trial Court due to the subject matter being incapable of pecuniary estimation. The Metropolitan Trial Court denied the motion to dismiss based on its jurisdiction and ruled that the case was properly filed.

Procedural History

The petitioner appealed the decision of the Metropolitan Trial Court to the Regional Trial Court of Manila, which dismissed the appeal on March 20, 1987, citing it was premature and stating that the appropriate remedy was a special civil action for certiorari. Petitioner subsequently filed a direct appeal with the Supreme Court, which was referred to the Court of Appeals for concurrent jurisdiction.

Court of Appeals Decision

On July 25, 1988, the Court of Appeals upheld the Regional Trial Court's decision. It clarified that the jurisdiction of courts in consignation cases is contingent upon the amount consigned, reiterating that consignation is a form of payment which requires prior demand. The appellate court concluded that since the amount due was determinable and fell within the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Trial Court, it could not be said that the appeal was procedurally incorrect.

Legal Principles Involved

The case hinges on the principles of consignation, which involves depositing a debt when the creditor refuses to accept payment. It was determined that for consignation to be valid, the requisite elements include the existence of a debt and the placing of that debt's amount in the court's hands. In this case, the sum of P5,625.00 was capable of pecuniary estimation, affirming the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Trial Court as per the provisions outlined in Batas Pambansa Blg. 129.

Petitioner’s Arguments

In his petition, Ascue argued that Consignation is under the jurisdiction of the Regional Trial Court due to its pecuniary nature and asserted that the Court of Appeals refused to address key procedural issues regarding proper recourse when a motion to dismiss is denied. He also claimed that the appellate court's decision was issued without considering pending incidents before the Supreme Court, potentially causing unnecessary burdens on the parties involved.

Resolution of the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court found no merit in the petitioner's arguments and upheld the decision of the Court of

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