Title
Arroyo vs. Gerona
Case
G.R. No. 33023
Decision Date
Sep 16, 1930
Intestate estate of Concepcion Gerona: heirs assigned rights to Ignacio Arroyo via partition agreement. Allegations of fraud led to court dispute over annulment, jurisdiction, and equitable powers of probate courts.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 33023)

Procedural History

On September 5, 1928, Ignacio Arroyo filed an application contending that the adult heirs of Concepcion Gerona had executed a partition agreement granting him their shares in the estate in exchange for other properties. The court subsequently issued an order on October 8, 1928, recognizing the heirs and approving the agreement, which assigned significant portions of the estate to Arroyo. However, the approval was temporarily stayed on July 6, 1929, because Mao Gerona did not initially consent to revisions made to prior agreements.

Annulment Petition

On July 9, 1929, certain heirs, represented by counsel, filed a petition to annul the June 13, 1913 agreement, alleging it was executed fraudulently, and requested the appointment of a judicial administrator for the estate. The opposition led by Arroyo contested this petition, arguing that the probate court lacked jurisdiction to entertain such requests, as issues concerning the validity of the agreements should be determined in ordinary suits rather than within intestate proceedings.

Court’s Ruling on Jurisdiction

The court determined on September 18, 1929, that it could not adjudicate the annulment of the agreements within the context of intestate proceedings, dismissing the petition. Following a motion for reconsideration that was denied, the case moved to appeal. The fundamental question before the appellate court was whether the probate court had jurisdiction to annul a partition agreement due to alleged fraud.

Authority to Annul Agreements

The appellate court held that a court, which previously had jurisdiction to approve a partition agreement, retained the power to annul or disapprove that agreement if evidence of fraud or deceit surfaced. The ruling referenced precedent (Centeno vs. Centeno) establishing that such agreements bind participants unless successfully challenged on valid legal grounds within statutory periods.

Implications of Fraud in Probate Matters

The court emphasized that if evidence showed that arrangements in the partition had been executed under fraudulent circumstances, not only could the agreements be a

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