Title
Arcal vs. Court of Appeals
Case
G.R. No. 127850
Decision Date
Jan 26, 1998
Petitioners, owners of a property, filed an unlawful detainer suit against occupants who refused to vacate despite demands. Lower courts ruled in favor of petitioners, but the Court of Appeals dismissed the case for lack of jurisdiction. The Supreme Court reversed, reinstating the lower courts' decisions, affirming the suit as valid unlawful detainer and upholding petitioners' right to possession.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 127850)

Background of the Case

The petitioners filed a complaint for unlawful detainer against the respondents on August 31, 1995, in the Municipal Trial Court of Tanza, Cavite, concerning a property covered by Transfer Certificate of Title No. 26277. The petitioners claimed that the respondents occupied the property through implied permission but without any contractual agreement. They noted that no rental fee had been collected from the respondents for their occupancy since it began.

Previous Legal Proceedings

The case history involves multiple legal actions. Notably, a related ejectment suit (Civil Case No. 285) filed by the petitioners in 1984 against the respondents was later dismissed on appeal, and a civil case for annulment of title filed by the respondents (Civil Case No. TM-59) against the petitioners was dismissed for failure to prosecute. The dismissal of this case was affirmed but was then followed by a new civil case (TM-146) filed by Lucio Ricafrente Arvisu that also challenged the petitioners' title.

Decisions of the Municipal Trial Court and Regional Trial Court

The Municipal Trial Court ruled in favor of the petitioners, ordering the respondents to vacate the property, remove any improvements, and pay damages. This decision was affirmed by the Regional Trial Court, but the respondents appealed to the Court of Appeals. The appellate court granted the appeal, claiming that the action did not constitute unlawful detainer due to previous legal proceedings favoring the respondents' claims of ownership.

Court of Appeals and Reversal of Rulings

The Court of Appeals held that unlawful detainer was not the proper remedy, emphasizing that the previous complaints indicated the tolerance allegedly granted by the petitioners had been withdrawn in 1984. It reasoned that since there had been a challenge against the ownership of the land, it was improper to classify the case as one of unlawful detainer.

Supreme Court Review

Upon review, the Supreme Court overturned the Court of Appeals' decision, stating that the nature of the action and jurisdiction were determined by the allegations in the complaint. The court emphasized that the action for unlawful detainer remains valid if it involves physical possession and the demand to vacate was made, which took place after the finalization of previous cases.

Legal Principles Established

The Supreme Court reiterated several legal principles related to unlawful detainer actions. It maintained that mere claim of ownership does not preclude summary proceedings for possession and that the original unlawfulness of

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