Title
Supreme Court
Ara vs. Pizarro
Case
G.R. No. 187273
Decision Date
Feb 15, 2017
Petitioners failed to prove filiation to Josefa Ara under the Family Code; SC upheld CA's exclusion of petitioners from estate partition due to insufficient evidence.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 187273)

Applicable Laws

The governing laws in this case are derived from the Family Code of the Philippines, particularly Articles 172, 173, and 175, which discuss the establishment of filiation, the action to claim legitimacy, and the manner to establish illegitimate children’s filiation, respectively.

Background and Legal Proceedings

The dispute began after Josefa's death when petitioners, along with other claimants, sought a partition of Josefa's properties. Josefa had multiple partners, and the petitioners claimed to be her illegitimate children by virtue of their relationships with her. Respondent Pizarro asserted she was Josefa's legitimate daughter, denying any of the other claimants were her siblings. After failed attempts at conciliation through the Barangay Lupon, the case was brought before the Regional Trial Court for judicial partition.

Trial Court's Decision

The Regional Trial Court recognized the relationship between the petitioners and Josefa, ruling that Ara and Garcia were indeed her illegitimate sons, and ordered a partition of the estate. Pizarro appealed, arguing the trial court erred in this finding and sought to exclude the petitioners from the partition, while Rossi also disputed the inclusion of his property.

Court of Appeals' Findings

The Court of Appeals modified the Trial Court's decision, concluding that only Pizarro and Ramon A. Garcia were legitimate children entitled to inherit from Josefa's estate. The Court ruled that the trial court had incorrectly admitted evidence of the petitioners' claims of filiation after Josefa's death, emphasizing that under Article 285 of the Civil Code, recognition of natural children must be made during the lifetime of the parent, barring certain exceptions.

Rationale for Denial of Petitioners' Filiation Claims

The Court of Appeals concluded that the petitioners failed to provide credible evidence that could establish their claims of being Josefa's children after her death. Evidence such as delayed birth registrations and Certificates of Live Birth did not attribute legal parentage to Josefa. The court pointed out that the only means to establish filiation after a putative parent's demise required concre

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