Title
Alejandro vs. Workmen's Compensation Commission
Case
G.R. No. L-42595
Decision Date
Dec 18, 1979
Eustaquio Alejandro, a Bureau of Public Highways employee, suffered a work-related eye injury while supervising road asphalting. Despite retiring days later due to age, the Supreme Court awarded him permanent disability benefits for the loss of his eye, ruling the injury compensable under the Workmen’s Compensation Act, while denying temporary disability benefits due to lack of wage loss.

Case Summary (G.R. No. 223845)

Background of the Case

Eustaquio Alejandro filed a compensation claim on January 15, 1973, asserting he sustained an injury—specifically, a vitreous hemorrhage in his left eye—due to an accident that occurred during work. The claim noted September 16, 1969, as the date of the accident, and he stopped working three days later. Alejandro retired from government service on September 20, 1969.

Notifications and Controversy

The respondent employer did not receive notice of the accident until Alejandro's claim was submitted in 1973. Although the employer filed a controversion asserting the injury did not arise from his employment, this was considered too late by the Acting Referee. A hearing was conducted, and, due to the respondent's absence, Alejandro's claims were received ex parte.

Initial Ruling by the Acting Referee

On January 6, 1975, the Acting Referee awarded Alejandro compensation amounting to P3,173.00 for lost wages under the Workmen's Compensation Act, alongside medical reimbursements of P500.00 for treatment related to the eye injury. This ruling relied heavily on evidence from Alejandro's attending physician, demonstrating that the injury was work-related.

Commission's Reversal and Grounds

The Workmen's Compensation Commission reversed this decision on December 18, 1975, stating there was insufficient evidence proving that Alejandro was disabled from the injury as he continued to work until his retirement, which was due to age, not injury-related disability. This reasoning was seen as a significant deviation from established jurisprudence that recognizes work-related injuries irrespective of immediate wage loss.

Effective Notification of Injury

Despite the employer's claims of being uninformed of the injury, the decision analyzes the employer’s knowledge—evidenced by the District Engineer's directive to Alejandro not to file for sick leave. This fact implies that the employer was aware of the injury when it occurred, thus binding them to the notification.

Merits of the Claim

The court found that Alejandro's injury arose from his employment, establishing a direct link between his work duties and the accident. Medical certifications supported his claims of enduring physical impairment and temporary disability due to the injury sustained while performing his job duties.

Wage Loss and Disability Claims

The Solicitor General contended that since Alejandro worked until his retirement, he did not incur wage loss, which typically affects benefits under Section 14. However, the court clarified that the ability to claim medical and permanent disability benefits did not depend on immediate wage loss but rather on the nature of the injury and its long-term impact, thus maintaining Alejandro's rights under Section 13 and Section 17 [applicable to total loss of the eye].

Conclusion

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