G.R. No. 195147 - Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Philippine National Bank

In February 1991, seven neophytes of the Aquila Legis Juris Fraternity at Ateneo Law School underwent a three-day hazing ritual involving physical beatings (“Indian Run,” “Bicol Express,” “Rounds,” “Auxies’ Privilege Round”), psychological torment, and indoctrination.
On the second night, after additional paddling insisted upon by alumni members Fidelito Dizon and Artemio Villareal, Leonardo “Lenny” Villa collapsed, was rushed to the hospital, and pronounced dead on arrival.

Criminal Case No. C-38340(91) was filed against 35 fraternity members. RTC Branch 121 convicted 26 jointly tried accused of homicide (reclusion temporal). The remaining nine were tried later.
On January 10, 2002, the CA (CA-G.R. CR No. 15520) set aside a conspiracy finding, acquitted 19, convicted Dizon and Villareal of homicide (10–17 years), and found Tecson, Ama, Almeda, Bantug guilty of slight physical injuries (20 days arresto menor).
A separate CA decision (CA-G.R. S.P. Nos. 89060 & 90153) dismissed charges against Escalona et al. for speedy-trial violation.
On February 1, 2012, the SC in Villareal v. People modified convictions: found Dizon, Almeda, Ama, Bantug, Tecson guilty of reckless imprudence resulting in homicide (4 months–4 years+2 months under Art. 365 RPC), affirmed other acquittals and dismissals, and closed Case No. 151258.
Motions for reconsideration/clarification were filed by the People (OSG), Gerarda Villa, and respondents Almeda, Ama, Bantug, Tecson.

Did the CA commit grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction when it dismissed Escalona et al.’s case for speedy-trial violation?
Should the penalty imposed on Tecson et al. have been equivalent to that for intentional felony (dolo) rather than for reckless imprudence (culpa)?
Did Tecson et al.’s completion of probation discharge them from criminal liability and terminate the cases?