Title
United Coconut Planters Bank vs. Spouses Beluso
Case
G.R. No. 159912
Decision Date
Aug 17, 2007
Spouses Beluso disputed UCPB's unilateral interest rates, foreclosure, and Truth in Lending Act violations. SC voided interest rates, upheld adjusted debt, and validated foreclosure with deductions.

Case Digest (G.R. No. 159912)

Facts:

  • Parties and Background
    • Petitioners: United Coconut Planters Bank (UCPB) granted Spouses Samuel and Odette Beluso a promissory‐note credit line under a Credit Agreement (initially up to ₱1.2 M, term to April 30, 1997; later amended to ₱2.35 M, term to February 28, 1998).
    • Security: Real estate mortgage over parcels in Roxas City (TCT Nos. T-31539, T-27828) and promissory notes.
  • Promissory Notes and Drawdowns
    • Original Notes:
      • PN 8314-96-00083-3 (₱700,000; 29 Apr 1996 – 27 Aug 1996)
      • PN 8314-96-00085-0 (₱500,000; 2 May 1996 – 30 Aug 1996)
      • PN 8314-96-000292-2 (₱800,000; 20 Nov 1996 – 20 Mar 1997)
    • Renewals and Further Advances:
      • Consolidated ₱1.3 M note (due 28 Feb 1998) after debiting two notes on 30 Apr 1997.
      • Two additional notes (₱200,000 and ₱150,000; 11 Dec 1997 and 2 Jan 1998 – both due 28 Feb 1998), allegedly never credited by Belusos.
  • Interest Charges, Payments, Demand, and Foreclosure
    • UCPB charged rates from 18% to 34%; Belusos paid ₱763,692.03 (1996–Feb 1998).
    • Post‐maturity charges (Feb 28 1998–Jun 10 1998): compounded interest (28–33%) and penalties (30–36%) on ₱2.35 M.
    • 2 Sept 1998: UCPB demanded ₱2,932,543 + 25% attorney’s fees; no payment.
    • 28 Dec 1998: Bank foreclosed mortgaged properties; indebtedness ballooned to ₱3,784,603.
  • Trial Court Proceedings (RTC Makati, Civil Case No. 99-314)
    • 9 Feb 1999: Belusos filed Petition for Annulment, Accounting, and Damages.
    • 23 Mar 2000 Decision:
      • Void interest‐rate provision and foreclosure; order to return properties.
      • UCPB to pay Belusos ₱50,000 attorney’s fees and costs.
      • Belusos to pay UCPB ₱1,560,308.
    • 8 May 2000: RTC denied UCPB’s Motion for Reconsideration.
  • Court of Appeals Proceedings (CA-G.R. CV No. 67318)
    • 21 Jan 2003 Decision: Affirmed RTC decision but removed bank’s liability for attorney’s fees/costs.
    • 9 Sept 2003 Resolution: Denied UCPB’s Motion for Reconsideration.
  • Petition for Review
UCPB filed under Rule 45, raising five issues for Supreme Court resolution.

Issues:

  • Whether the CA erred in affirming the voiding of the agreed interest‐rate provision.
  • Whether the CA erred in upholding the RTC’s computation of indebtedness (₱1,560,308).
  • Whether the CA erred in annulling the foreclosure due to “incorrect computation.”
  • Whether the CA erred in finding UCPB liable under the Truth in Lending Act.
  • Whether the CA erred in not dismissing the case for alleged forum shopping.

Ruling:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Ratio:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

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