Title
Suarez vs. Court of Appeals
Case
G.R. No. 94918
Decision Date
Sep 2, 1992
Siblings challenged auction sale of co-owned land to satisfy mother’s debt; SC ruled only mother’s share could be levied, protecting their legitime.

Case Digest (G.R. No. 94918)
Expanded Legal Reasoning Model

Facts:

  • Parties and Background
    • Petitioners: Danilo I. Suarez, Eufrocina Suarez-Andres, Marcelo I. Suarez, Jr., Evelyn Suarez-De Leon and Reginio I. Suarez—five siblings and co-owners of five parcels of land in Pasig, Metro Manila, registered in the name of their deceased father, Marcelo Suarez.
    • Private Respondents: Valente Raymundo, Violeta Raymundo, Ma. Concepcion Vito and Virginia Banta—highest bidders in the public auction sale of the five parcels.
  • Procedural History
    • 1977 Judgment: Teofista Suarez (widow of Marcelo Suarez) and Rizal Realty Corporation were ordered by CFI Rizal (now RTC Pasig, Branch 151) to pay respondents approx. ₱70,000 as damages for rescission of contract.
    • Execution Sale (June 24, 1983): All five parcels were levied en masse and sold for ₱94,170; Certificate of Sale issued Aug 1, 1983.
    • Reinvidicatory Action (June 21, 1984): Petitioners filed Civil Case No. 51203 to annul the sale, claiming they were co-owners not liable for their mother’s debt.
    • Subsequent Orders and Motions (1984–1990):
      • RTC Branch 151 issued orders directing surrender of titles and vacatur of lots (Oct 10, 1984).
      • Writ of Preliminary Injunction granted (Feb 25, 1985) enjoining respondents from transferring the properties.
      • Multiple motions to dismiss for failure to prosecute; divergent rulings by Branch 155 (dismissal May 29, 1986; reinstatement June 10, 1987).
      • Court of Appeals rendered certiorari decision (July 27, 1990) annulling injunction orders and dismissing Civil Case No. 51203.

Issues:

  • Principal Issues
    • Whether private respondents can validly acquire the entire five co-owned parcels in an execution sale to satisfy the personal debt of the surviving spouse.
    • Whether an execution sale may extend beyond the debtor’s proprietary interest in co-owned property.
  • Secondary Issues
    • Whether petitioners, as co-owners and non‐parties to the original judgment, have standing to annul the auction sale.
    • Whether Article 777, 888 and 892 of the Civil Code limit the levy to the debtor’s disposable share only.

Ruling:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Ratio:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Doctrine:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

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