G.R. No. 179594 - Manuel Uy and Sons, Inc. vs. Valbueco, Inc.

Petitioners: Star Special Corporate Security Management, Inc. (formerly Star Special Watchman & Detective Agency, Inc.) represented by Edgardo C. Soriano; the heirs of Celso A. Fernandez; and Manuel V. Fernandez for himself and the heirs (collectively, Star Special, et al.).
Respondents: Commission on Audit (COA), Puerto Princesa City, Hon. Lucilo R. Bayron in his capacity as City Mayor, and the members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod.
The dispute concerns the unpaid balance of just compensation for a parcel of land owned by petitioners, used as a road right-of-way for Puerto Princesa City's military camp (Western Command).

Petitioners owned a parcel of land (5,942 sq.m.), covered by Transfer Certificate of Title No. 13680, in Puerto Princesa City.
Their property was appropriated as a road right-of-way for the military camp establishment.
Petitioners filed a just compensation complaint (Civil Case No. Q-90-4930) before the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Quezon City against Puerto Princesa City, its Mayor Edward Hagedorn, and the City Council.

The RTC ruled in favor of petitioners ordering Puerto Princesa City to pay P1,500 per sq.m., or P8,913,000 plus interest, monthly rentals, and cancellation/transfer of title.
Total judgment summed up to P16,930,892.97 as of October 1995.

In November 1995, the parties verbally agreed to reduce the judgment amount to P12,000,000.
Payment terms: initial P2 million in February 1996, followed by monthly payments initially at P1 million, later reduced to P500,000.
Puerto Princesa issued and paid several checks between 1996 and 1997 summing to partial satisfaction.

Petitioners filed a second complaint (Civil Case No. Q-01-45668) to recover remaining balance of original judgment.
Puerto Princesa answered, claiming full payment; however, it failed to present evidence at trial, leading to submission of case.
RTC ruled on November 18, 2003 in favor of petitioners ordering payment of unpaid balance of P10,615,569.63 plus interest and rentals.

Writ of Execution issued on February 10, 2005; Puerto Princesa failed to comply with payment.
Petitioners filed motions for funds garnishment and appropriation, denied due to lack of appropriation ordinance, but RTC ordered compliance.
Petitioners requested COA intervention for payment; COA refused to act citing lack of jurisdiction because case was in execution stage.

Petitioners filed a Petition for Mandamus before the Supreme Court to enforce payment.
The Third Division denied the petition (April 2014) ruling COA has primary jurisdiction to settle government claims, even after final court judgment and writ of execution.
COA denied petitioners’ formal claim (July 17, 2012 Decision No. 2012-113), relying on the verbal compromise agreement reducing payment to P12 million, asserting full payment was made.
Petitioners moved for reconsideration but later withdrew and filed a second formal claim.
COA affirmed its previous denial on May 31, 2016 in a final resolution.

Petitioners assail COA’s denial, asserting COA violated doctrines of immutability of judgment and res judicata by denying the enforcement of the final and executory November 18, 2003 RTC Decision.
COA argues it has primary jurisdiction over money claims against government and that the RTC Decision is void.
Puerto Princesa supports COA’s position, emphasizing COA’s factual finding of full payment.

Whether the Commission on Audit gravely abused its discretion in denying petitioners’ money claim to enforce the final and executory November 18, 2003 Decision of the Regional Trial Court.

Whether COA has jurisdiction to modify or set aside a final judgment of the Regional Trial Court.

Whether doctrines of immutability of judgment and res judicata apply in the context of claims against the government requiring COA approval.

Whether respondent Puerto Princesa is estopped or barred by laches from contesting the jurisdiction of the Regional Trial Court.