Title
Republic vs. Maglanoc
Case
G.R. No. L-16848
Decision Date
Feb 27, 1963
Tiu San's naturalization denied due to probationary violation; pardon granted post-denial deemed ineffective; Supreme Court upheld nullification of citizenship.
A

Case Digest (G.R. No. L-16848)

Facts:

  • Initial Naturalization Decision: On July 13, 1950, the Court of First Instance of Quezon rendered a decision authorizing Tiu San (alias Angel Gomez) to be naturalized as a Filipino citizen.
  • First Petition for Oath-Taking: After the two-year probationary period, Tiu San filed a petition on July 24, 1952, under Republic Act No. 530, to take the oath of allegiance. However, on June 3, 1953, the petition was denied because Tiu San had been convicted of violating Municipal Ordinance No. 14, Series of 1946, of Lucena, Quezon, during the probationary period. He was fined P50.00.
  • Supreme Court Affirmation: Tiu San appealed the denial, but the Supreme Court dismissed the appeal on April 20, 1955, affirming the lower court's decision (G.R. No. L-7301).
  • Second Petition for Oath-Taking: On January 27, 1958, Tiu San filed another petition, claiming he had been granted an absolute and unconditional pardon by the President on December 23, 1957, for his earlier conviction. The trial court denied this petition on February 5, 1958, and a motion for reconsideration was also denied on March 13, 1958.
  • Third Petition for Oath-Taking: On January 30, 1959, Tiu San filed yet another petition to take the oath of allegiance. This petition remained unresolved for over a year. On February 22, 1960, Tiu San requested the court to set a hearing date for this petition.
  • Government's Opposition: The Government opposed Tiu San's repeated petitions, arguing that they amounted to a petition for relief from judgment under Rule 38 of the Rules of Court, which was time-barred.

Issues:

  • Effect of Previous Denials: What is the effect of the previous denials of Tiu San's petitions for the issuance of a certificate of naturalization on the original decision granting him Filipino citizenship?
  • Validity of Pardon: Does the absolute and unconditional pardon granted to Tiu San revive his right to naturalization?
  • Procedural Defect: Is the Government's failure to file a motion for reconsideration with the lower court a fatal defect in its petition for certiorari and prohibition?

Ruling:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Ratio:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

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