Title
Racca vs. Echague
Case
G.R. No. 237133
Decision Date
Jan 20, 2021
Petitioners, known heirs, contested probate of will; RTC declared default, but SC ruled personal notice mandatory, annulling default order due to procedural defects.
A

Case Digest (G.R. No. 237133)

Facts:

  • Petition for probate
    • On March 28, 2017, respondent filed a petition for the allowance of the will of the late Amparo Ferido Racca and the issuance of letters testamentary in her favor before the RTC of Palawan and Puerto Princesa City, Branch 51.
    • The petition named petitioners, Amparo’s husband (Migdonio) and daughter (Miam), as known heirs and alleged that Amparo bequeathed an undivided one-fourth of her estate to her grandnephew.
  • Trial court proceedings
    • On April 18, 2017, the RTC set the hearing for June 21, 2017 and issued a corresponding notice of hearing.
    • Petitioners failed to appear on June 21, 2017 and were declared in default.
  • Motions and RTC orders
    • On July 11, 2017, petitioners moved to lift the order of general default, citing excusable negligence (late receipt of notice, advanced age, ill health, lack of counsel, questionable testamentary capacity of Amparo).
    • On August 16, 2017, the RTC denied the motion, finding substantial compliance with jurisdictional requirements for publication and posting of notices.
    • On November 20, 2017, the RTC denied petitioners’ motion for reconsideration.
  • Petition for certiorari
    • Petitioners filed a petition under Rule 45 before the Supreme Court to annul and set aside the August 16 and November 20, 2017 orders.
    • They challenged (a) the sufficiency of publication and posting as notification and (b) their right as compulsory heirs to oppose the probate of the will.

Issues:

  • Whether the RTC erred in declaring petitioners in default and denying their motion to lift the order of general default.
  • Whether known heirs of the testator, whose residences are known, are entitled to personal notice under Section 4, Rule 76 of the 1997 Rules of Court despite publication and posting of the notice of hearing.

Ruling:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Ratio:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Doctrine:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

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