Title
People vs. Nitafan
Case
G.R. No. 75954
Decision Date
Oct 22, 1992
A court ruling states that a memorandum check is subject to criminal penalties under the Bouncing Check Law, regardless of its intended purpose or conditions of issuance, as it falls within the definition of a check and is valid in the hands of a third person.
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Case Digest (G.R. No. 75954)

Facts:

  • The People of the Philippines are the petitioners.
  • Respondents are Hon. David G. Nitafan, Presiding Judge of the Regional Trial Court, Branch 52, Manila, and K.T. Lim alias Mariano Lim.
  • On January 10, 1985, in Manila, K.T. Lim issued a Philippine Trust Company Check No. 117383 dated February 9, 1985, for P143,000.00 to Fatima Cortez Sasaki.
  • Lim knew he did not have sufficient funds in the drawee bank at the time of issuance.
  • The check was dishonored due to insufficient funds.
  • Despite receiving notice of dishonor, Lim failed to pay Sasaki or make arrangements for full payment within five banking days.
  • On July 18, 1986, Lim moved to quash the Information, arguing B.P. 22 was unconstitutional and the check was a memorandum check, akin to a promissory note, thus civil in nature.
  • On September 1, 1986, Judge Nitafan ruled B.P. 22 unconstitutional and quashed the Information.
  • The Solicitor General, on behalf of the government, filed a petition for review on certiorari.
  • The Supreme Court had previously upheld B.P. 22's constitutionality in Lozano v. Martinez and related cases.
  • The issue remained whether a memorandum check issued postdated for partial payment of a pre-existing obligation falls under B.P. 22.

Issue:

  • (Unlock)

Ruling:

  1. Yes, a memorandum check issued postdated in partial payment of a pre-existing obligation is within the coverage of B.P. 22.
  2. No, a memorandum check cannot be equated with...(Unlock)

Ratio:

  • The Supreme Court ruled that a memorandum check, despite being marked as such, is still a check drawn on a bank and falls within the definition of a check under Section 185 of the Negotiable Instruments Law.
  • A memorandum check is an evidence of debt against the drawer and has the same effect as an ordinary check.
  • If passed to a third person, it is valid in their hands like any other check.
  • The Court rejected the argument that a memorandum check is akin to a promissory note. Lim could have issued a promissory note if that was his intent, which would have exempted him from B.P. 22.
  • B.P. 22 does not distinguish between different types of checks but penalizes the issuance of any check with knowledge of insufficient funds in the drawee bank....continue reading

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