Title
Onate vs. Abrogar
Case
G.R. No. 107303
Decision Date
Feb 23, 1995
Sun Life alleged fraud in a treasury bill transaction, attaching petitioners' properties before jurisdiction was established. The Supreme Court ruled the attachment void, invalidating the subsequent bank record examination, emphasizing jurisdiction must precede coercive measures.
A

Case Digest (G.R. No. 107303)

Facts:

  • Parties and Context
    • Petitioners Emmanuel C. Onate and Econ Holdings Corporation (G.R. No. 107303) and Brunner Development Corporation (G.R. No. 107491) filed separate petitions for certiorari.
    • Respondents are Hon. Zeus C. Abrogar, Presiding Judge of RTC Branch 150, Makati, and Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada.
  • Procedural History
    • The Second Division ruled that although attachment levies on petitioners’ properties were made before personal jurisdiction was acquired, subsequent service of summons cured the defect.
    • The Third Division, in a related case, held that subsequent acquisition of jurisdiction does not validate a prior invalid attachment.
    • The motions for reconsideration were referred to the Court en banc.
  • Attachment Proceedings
    • Garnishment notices and levies served before summons:
      • January 2/3, 1992 – notice of garnishment on PNB Head Office and branches, and A.B. Capital.
      • January 6, 1992 – garnishment on Urban Bank Head Office and branches, BPI; attachment on Onate’s condominium unit.
      • January 7, 1992 – garnishment on Union Bank of the Philippines.
      • January 8, 1992 – attachment on Onate’s lot in Ayala-Alabang.
    • Summons and complaint served on petitioners:
      • January 9, 1992 – service on Onate and Econ.
      • January 16, 1992 – service on Dino (Brunner).
  • Examination of Bank Records
    • January 21, 1992 – order to examine Brunner’s accounts at Urban Bank, Legaspi Village branch.
    • January 30, 1992 – order to examine Onate’s accounts at BPI and related PNB records.

Issues:

  • Validity of Attachment
    • Whether levies effected before acquisition of personal jurisdiction are valid.
    • Whether subsequent service of summons cures an earlier invalid attachment.
  • Examination of Bank Records
    • Whether the court-ordered examination of petitioners’ bank books constituted an impermissible “fishing expedition.”
    • Whether such examination is authorized under Rule 57, Section 10 or barred by R.A. 1405.

Ruling:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Ratio:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Doctrine:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

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