Title
Ochate vs. Deling
Case
G.R. No. L-13298
Decision Date
Mar 30, 1959
A mayor challenged his suspension over alleged misconduct, neglect, and oppression. The Supreme Court ruled the charges unrelated to official duties, deeming the suspension unlawful.

Case Digest (G.R. No. 236263)
Expanded Legal Reasoning Model

Facts:

  • Parties Involved
    • Petitioner: Jose U. Ochate, the incumbent mayor of the municipality of Clarin, Misamis Occidental.
    • Respondents:
      • Diego H. Ty Deling, the incumbent provincial governor of Misamis Occidental.
      • Tomas Torres, the incumbent vice-mayor of Clarin.
  • Allegations and Administrative Charges
    • Initial Complaint (Dated December 18, 1957):
      • The petitioner was charged with:
        • Organizing, tolerating, and participating in illegal cockfighting and other forms of gambling.
ii. Committing grave public scandals and acts unbecoming of a public official. iii. Corruption of subordinate employees.
  • Amended Complaint (Dated December 23, 1957):
    • Misconduct in Office:
      • During a municipal council session on August 31, 1956, the petitioner abruptly left the session and physically assaulted his daughter and wife in full view of the councilors and other witnesses, thereby disrupting the meeting.
ii. The petitioner was alleged to have organized or directly participated in illegal cockfighting within unlicensed cockpits and to have tolerated the conduct of gambling therein. iii. He, along with his policemen, allegedly resisted with firearms and violence the arrest efforts of law enforcement officers from a neighboring municipality regarding illegal cockfighting activities.
  • Neglect of Duty:
    • It was charged that the petitioner, despite being aware of illegal cockfights and gambling activities within his jurisdiction, refrained from instituting or causing the prosecution of the violators, thus committing dereliction of duty in violation of Article 208 of the Revised Penal Code.
  • Oppression:
    • The petitioner was accused of ordering his policemen to accompany him to illegal cockpits and gambling venues, or to serve as bodyguards for his mistress, which supposedly prevented them from performing their law enforcement duties, thereby inducing them to commit acts of dereliction as indicated by subsequent indictments for assault.
  • Administrative Action and Legal Process
    • Suspension Order:
      • On the same day the original charge was filed, the provincial governor (respondent) issued Executive Order No. 7, suspending the petitioner from office and directing the turnover of his post to the vice-mayor.
    • Petition for Prohibition:
      • Petitioner questioned the legality of both the administrative charges and the suspension order.
      • A motion accompanied by a bond was filed by the petitioner, leading this Court to issue a preliminary prohibitory injunction dated January 20, 1958.
    • Underlying Legal Authority:
      • Section 2188 of the Revised Administrative Code empowers the provincial governor to investigate complaints against municipal officers and, pending the investigation by the provincial board, suspend an officer if the charge affects the official integrity of the officer in question.
      • The statutory provision is subject to a strict construction given its penal character, and the phrase “in office” requires that the allegations must pertain directly to the performance of official duties.

Issues:

  • Whether the facts alleged in the administrative charge, as substantiated by affidavits and other evidentiary records, justify the filing of administrative charges against the petitioner.
  • Whether the acts attributed to the petitioner are truly “misconduct in office” by affecting his official duties or are merely acts of a private nature.
  • Whether the authority of the provincial governor to suspend the petitioner under Section 2188 of the Revised Administrative Code was properly exercised, considering the requirement that the charge must affect the official integrity of the officer.
  • Whether the delay in filing the administrative charges (almost a year) indicates a non-substantial or insufficient basis for the charges and the suspension order.

Ruling:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Ratio:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

Doctrine:

  • (Subscriber-Only)

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